This document has been carefully crafted to make your daily work easier by providing a

detailed list of essential Excel functions. Whether you're managing data, performing
calculations, or optimizing workflows, this guide will help you work smarter and faster.
Each function is explained with its definition and syntax for better understanding and
usability.
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Calculation Functions
Function Definition Syntax
SUM Adds all numbers in a range of cells. =SUM(number1, [number2], …)
MIN Returns the smallest number in a range. =MIN(number1, [number2], …)
MAX Returns the largest number in a range. =MAX(number1, [number2], …)
Multiplies all the numbers given as =PRODUCT(number1,
PRODUCT
arguments. [number2], …)
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the =AVERAGE(number1,
AVERAGE
numbers provided. [number2], …)
Returns the result of a number raised to a
POWER =POWER(number, power)
power.
SQRT Returns the square root of a number. =SQRT(number)
Returns a random integer between the
RANDBETWEEN =RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)
specified limits.
Rounds a number up to the nearest even
EVEN =EVEN(number)
integer.
Rounds a number up to the nearest odd
ODD =ODD(number)
integer.
ABS Returns the absolute value of a number. =ABS(number)
Returns the remainder of a division
MOD =MOD(number, divisor)
operation.
Rounds a number down to the nearest
INT =INT(number)
integer.
LARGE Returns the k-th largest value in a dataset. =LARGE(array, k)
SMALL Returns the k-th smallest value in a dataset. =SMALL(array, k)
Rounds a number to the specified number of
ROUND =ROUND(number, num_digits)
digits.
Rounds a number up, away from zero, to the =ROUNDUP(number,
ROUNDUP
specified number of digits. num_digits)

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Function Definition Syntax
Rounds a number down, toward zero, to the =ROUNDDOWN(number,
ROUNDDOWN
specified number of digits. num_digits)
Rounds a number to the nearest multiple of
MROUND =MROUND(number, multiple)
a specified value.
Rounds a number down to the nearest
FLOOR =FLOOR(number, significance)
multiple of significance.
Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple
CEILING =CEILING(number, significance)
of significance.

Text Functions
Function Definition Syntax
UPPER Converts text to uppercase. =UPPER(text)
LOWER Converts text to lowercase. =LOWER(text)
Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a
PROPER =PROPER(text)
text string.
Returns the number of characters in a text
LEN =LEN(text)
string.
Returns the specified number of characters
LEFT =LEFT(text, num_chars)
from the start of a text string.
Returns the specified number of characters
RIGHT =RIGHT(text, num_chars)
from the end of a text string.
Returns a specific number of characters from =MID(text, start_num,
MID
a text string, starting at a specified position. num_chars)
Removes all extra spaces from text except for
TRIM =TRIM(text)
single spaces between words.
=CONCATENATE(text1, [text2],
CONCATENATE Joins two or more text strings into one.
…)
Finds one text string within another and =FIND(find_text, within_text,
FIND
returns its position. [start_num])
EXACT Checks if two text strings are exactly the same. =EXACT(text1, text2)

Logical Functions
Function Definition Syntax
AND Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE. =AND(logical1, [logical2], …)
Returns one value if a condition is TRUE, and =IF(logical_test, value_if_true,
IF
another if FALSE. value_if_false)
Checks multiple conditions and returns the first =IFS(logical_test1, value_if_true1,
IFS
value that is TRUE. …)

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Function Definition Syntax
NOT Reverses the value of its argument. =NOT(logical)
=SUMIF(range, criteria,
SUMIF Adds the values in a range that meet a condition.
[sum_range])
Counts the number of cells that meet a
COUNTIF =COUNTIF(range, criteria)
condition.
Returns a value if no error is found; otherwise,
IFERROR =IFERROR(value, value_if_error)
returns an alternate value.

Date and Time Functions

Function Definition Syntax
DATE Returns the date given a year, month, and day. =DATE(year, month, day)
Calculates the difference between two dates in =DATEDIF(start_date, end_date,
DATEDIF
years, months, or days. unit)
DAY Returns the day of the month for a given date. =DAY(serial_number)
Returns the date that is a specified number of
EDATE =EDATE(start_date, months)
months before or after a start date.
Returns the last day of the month before or after
EOMONTH =EOMONTH(start_date, months)
a specified number of months.
TODAY Returns the current date. =TODAY()
NOW Returns the current date and time. =NOW()
=WEEKDAY(serial_number,
WEEKDAY Returns the day of the week for a date.
[return_type])

Lookup Functions
Function Definition Syntax
Searches for a value in the first
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array,
VLOOKUP column and returns a value in the
col_index_num, [range_lookup])
same row from another column.
Searches a range or array and =XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array,
XLOOKUP returns an item corresponding to the return_array, [if_not_found], [match_mode],
first match. [search_mode])
Searches for a value in the first row
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array,
HLOOKUP and returns a value in the same
row_index_num, [range_lookup])
column from another row.

Financial Functions

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Function Definition Syntax
Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant =PMT(rate, nper, pv,
PMT
payments and a constant interest rate. [fv], [type])

Most Useful Shortcut Keys in Excel

Here is a list of some essential shortcut keys that can boost your productivity in Excel:

Basic Navigation and Selection

• Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Navigate to the edge of the current data region.
• Shift + Arrow Keys: Extend selection one cell at a time.
• Ctrl + Shift + Arrow Keys: Select the entire region of data in a direction.
• Ctrl + Home: Move to the beginning of the worksheet.
• Ctrl + End: Move to the last cell with data.

Data Entry and Editing

• F2: Edit the active cell.
• Alt + Enter: Insert a line break within a cell.
• Ctrl + D: Copy the content of the cell above.
• Ctrl + R: Copy the content of the cell to the left.
• Ctrl + Z: Undo the last action.
• Ctrl + Y: Redo the last undone action.

Formatting
• Ctrl + B: Apply or remove bold formatting.
• Ctrl + I: Apply or remove italic formatting.
• Ctrl + U: Apply or remove underline formatting.
• Alt + H + H: Open the fill color menu.
• Ctrl + Shift + $: Apply the currency format.
• Ctrl + Shift + %: Apply the percentage format.

Formulas and Functions

• Alt + =: Insert the SUM function.
• Ctrl + Shift + Enter: Enter an array formula.
• Ctrl + `: Toggle display of formulas and results.

Working with Rows and Columns

• Ctrl + Space: Select the entire column.
• Shift + Space: Select the entire row.
• Ctrl + Shift + "+": Insert a new row or column.
• Ctrl + "-": Delete the selected row or column.

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File Operations
• Ctrl + N: Create a new workbook.
• Ctrl + O: Open an existing workbook.
• Ctrl + S: Save the current workbook.
• Ctrl + P: Open the Print menu.

Other Useful Shortcuts

• Ctrl + F: Open the Find dialog box.
• Ctrl + H: Open the Replace dialog box.
• Ctrl + T: Create a table from the selected data.
• F4: Repeat the last action.
• Ctrl + Alt + V: Open the Paste Special dialog box.

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