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Algebra

The document provides exercises and examples related to solving equations with algebraic fractions, including finding the lowest common denominator and simplifying fractions. It emphasizes problem-solving techniques and common errors in algebraic manipulations. Additionally, it includes enrichment activities for solving literal equations and equations involving decimals.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views7 pages

Algebra

The document provides exercises and examples related to solving equations with algebraic fractions, including finding the lowest common denominator and simplifying fractions. It emphasizes problem-solving techniques and common errors in algebraic manipulations. Additionally, it includes enrichment activities for solving literal equations and equations involving decimals.

Uploaded by

drnidhiibackup
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Number and Algebra 487

x 2 x 1
b 1
5 3
3 5
15 ( x 2) 15 ( x 1)
15 1 Multiply each term on both sides by 15 (LCD of 3
51 31
3(x฀ ฀2) − 5(x − 1) 15 and 5 is 15) and cancel.
3x฀ ฀6 − 5x 5 15 Expand the brackets and simplify by combining like
-2x฀ ฀1 15 terms.
-2x 16 Note:฀-5(x฀ ฀1) ฀-5x 5 not฀-5x฀ ฀5.
x ฀-8
5 4
c 2
2x 3x
5 3 4 2 LCD of 2x and 3x is 6x.
6x 6x 2 6x
2x 1 3x 1 Multiply each term by 6x. Cancel and simplify.
15฀ ฀8 12x Solve for x leaving the answer in fraction form.
7 12x
7
x
12
7
x
12
3 2
d
x 1 x 4
3 ( x 1) ( x 4) 2( x 1) ( x 4) Multiply each term by the common denominator
x 1 x 4 (x 1)(x 4).
3(x 4) 2(x 1)
3x 12 2x 2 Expand the brackets.
x 12 2 Subtract 2x from both sides to gather x terms on one
x -10 side then subtract 12 from both sides.
or
3 2 Since each side is a single fraction you can ‘cross-
x 1 x 4 3 2
multiply’:
3(x 4) 2(x 1) x+1 x+4
3x 12 2x 2 This gives the same result as above.
x 12 2
x -10

Exercise 8K
Understanding

1 Write down the lowest common denominator of all the fractions in these equations.
x 2x x 3x x 1 x
a 1 b 3 c 5
3 5 2 4 3 6
2 x 1 5x 2 x x 1 x 1 3x 1
d 6 e f
7 4 3 2 5 4 8 8

ISBN 978-0-521-17865-5 © Greenwood et al. 2011 Cambridge University Press


Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
488 Chapter 8 Algebraic techniques

2 Simplify the fractions by cancelling.

Understanding
12 x 21x 4( x 3)
a b c
3 7 2
5(2 x 5) 15 x -7( x 1)( x 2)
d e f
5 5x 7( x 1)
36( x 7)( x 1) 18(3 2 x )(1 x ) -8(2 3 x)(2 x 1)
g h i
9( x 7) 9(3 2 x ) -8(2 3 x )

Fluency
Example 20a 3 Solve each of the following equations.
x x x x y y
a 7 b 10 c 14
2 5 2 3 3 4
x 3x 5m m 3a a
d -1 e 1 f 2
2 5 3 2 5 3
3x 5x 8a 2a 7b b
g 14 h 34 i 15
4 2 3 5 2 4
Example 20b 4 Solve each of the following equations.
x 1 x 2 b 3 b 4 n 2 n 2
a 11 b 1 c 1
2 3 2 3 3 2
a 1 a 1 x 5 x 1 x 3 x 1
d 2 e 3 f 2
5 6 2 4 2 3
m 4 m 4 2a 8 a 7 2y 1 y 2
g 3 h 1 i -1
3 4 2 6 4 6
5 Solve each of the following equations.
x 1 x x 2 x n 3 n 1
a b c
2 3 3 2 4 2
a 2 a 1 3 y 2 y 2m 4 m 6
d e f
3 2 2 3 4 3
Example 20c 6 Solve each of the following equations.
3 1 2 1 4 2
a 4 b 2 c 3
4 x 2x 3x 2 x 2m 5m
1 1 1 1 1 1
d 9 e 2 f 4
2x 4 x 2b b 2 y 3y
1 1 2 1 7 2
g 2 h 2 i 1
3x 2 x 3x x 2a 3a
Example 20d 7 Solve each of the following equations.
3 1 2 3 2 3
a b c
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 5 x 2
1 1 2 1 1 2
d e f
x 3 2x 1 x 1 2x 1 x 2 3x 2

ISBN 978-0-521-17865-5 © Greenwood et al. 2011 Cambridge University Press


Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
Number and Algebra 489

Problem-solving
8 Half of a number (x) plus one-third of twice the same number is equal to 4.
a Write an equation describing the situation.
b Solve the equation to find the number.

9 Use your combined knowledge of all the methods learnt earlier to solve these equations with
algebraic fractions.
2x 3 5x 2 3x 2
a 4 b 3 c 2
1 x x 2 x 1
2x x 1 3 2 5 1 3x 3 4
d 2x 1 e 2 f
3 4 x x x x2 2x x
x 1 3x 2 2 x 4x 1 x 3 x 5 1 2 5
g h i
2 4 3 3 6 6 x 2 x 3 ( x 2)( x 3)
10 Molly and Billy each have the same number of computer games (x computer games each). Hazel
takes one-third of Molly’s computer games and a quarter of Billy’s computer games to give her a
total of 77 computer games.
a Write an equation describing the total number of computer games for Hazel.
b Solve the equation to find how many computer games Molly and Billy each had.

Reasoning

11 A common error when solving equations with algebraic fractions is made in this working. Find
the error and explain how to avoid it.
3x 1 x
2x (LCD 12)
4 3
12(3 x 1) 12 x
2x
4 3
3(3x฀ ฀1) 2x 4x
9x฀ ฀3 2x 4x
7x 3
3
x
7

ISBN 978-0-521-17865-5 © Greenwood et al. 2011 Cambridge University Press


Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
490 Chapter 8 Algebraic techniques

12 Another common error is made in this working. Find and explain how to avoid this error.

Reasoning
x 2x 1
1 (LCD 6)
2 3
6 x 6(2 x 1)
6
2 3
3x฀ ฀2(2x฀ ฀1) 6
3x฀ ฀4x฀ ฀2 6
-x 8
x -8

13 A similar technique to that used in Questions 11 and 12 can be used to solve equations with
decimals. Here is an example.
0.8x฀ ฀1.2 2.5
8x฀ ฀12 25 Multiply both sides by 10 to remove all decimals.
8x 37
37
x
8

Solve these decimal equations using the same idea. For parts d–f you will need to multiply by
100.
a 0.4x 1.4 3.2 b 0.3x฀ ฀1.3 0.4 c 0.5฀ ฀0.2x 0.2
d 1.31x฀ ฀1.8 2.13 e 0.24x 0.1 3.7 f 2฀ ฀3.25x 8.5

Enrichment: Literal equations


14 Solve each of the following equations for x in terms of the other pronumerals.
Hint: You may need to use factorisation.
x x ax cx x a x
a b b d c
a 2a b 2 b c
x a d e ax b x c x a x a
d e f 1
b c 4 3 3b 2b
2a b a 1 1 1 a b
g a h i
a x a x c x c
a c ax b cx b
j b k c l d
x x x b x a
2a x 1 1 a a
m b n o 1
a x a ax b b a x

ISBN 978-0-521-17865-5 © Greenwood et al. 2011 Cambridge University Press


Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.

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