Scribd
Upload
20 views7 pages

Ss2 Week 5 Farm Surveying

The document provides an overview of farm surveying, including its definition, types, importance, common equipment, and maintenance measures. It outlines five types of farm surveys: Chain, Geodetic, Soil, Topographical, and Aerial, and emphasizes the significance of surveying for land management and planning. Additionally, it details various surveying tools and their uses, along with maintenance practices to ensure the longevity of the equipment.

Uploaded by

kevineze4514
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views7 pages

Ss2 Week 5 Farm Surveying

The document provides an overview of farm surveying, including its definition, types, importance, common equipment, and maintenance measures. It outlines five types of farm surveys: Chain, Geodetic, Soil, Topographical, and Aerial, and emphasizes the significance of surveying for land management and planning. Additionally, it details various surveying tools and their uses, along with maintenance practices to ensure the longevity of the equipment.

Uploaded by

kevineze4514
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

FARM SURVEYING

CONTENT

1. Meaning of Farm Survey


2. Types of Farm Survey
3. Importance of Farm Surveying
4. Common Survey Equipment and their Uses
5. Maintenance Measures of Farm Survey Equipment

Meaning of Farm Survey

Farm Survey is a way of showing the natural and man-made features such
as streams, lakes, rivers, hills, valleys, rocks, roads, buildings etc on a
piece of farmland. It can further be defined as the process of measuring
and mapping out the position, height, size and boundary of an area of
farmland.

Types of Farm Survey

There are five types of farm survey, namely:

1. Chain Survey: This is the simplest form and the oldest form of
survey involving the use of chains or measuring tapes to determine
the area of land
2. Geodetic/Traverse Survey: It is a type of survey in which the size
and shape (spherical) of an area is determined by using prismatic
compass
3. Soil Survey: This is concerned with the examination, classification
and systematic mapping of the soil. It provides data on the
composition and properties of the soil
4. Topographical Survey: This is a type of survey in which the physical
features of an area or relief,shape are identified eg flatness,
steepness, valley, rivers etc
5. Aerial Survey: It is the use of aircraft to observe a large area of land
showing different features such as hills, vegetation, rivers, lakes,
Clift etc

Importance of Farm Surveying

Farm surveying is important for the following reasons:


1. It helps us to know the size of the farm.
2. It helps in determine the boundaries, the main features and location
of the farm.
3. It helps in providing maps which are useful in planning a farm and
farmland.
4. It helps in identifying various soil and their characteristics.
5. It helps in calculating amount of labour, seeds and fertilizer needed
in the farm.
6. It ensures land security in case of dispute and transfer.
7. It helps in dividing the land for various productions.
8. It can be used as collateral security.
9. It does not allow waste of land.
10. It can be used for feasibility studies

EVALUATION

1. Explain the term farm survey


2. State seven reasons why farm survey is important

Common Surveying Equipment and their Uses

Some common surveying equipment used on the farm includes the


following:

1. Ranging pole
2. Offset staff
3. Cutlass
4. Prismatic compass
5. Arrows/Pins
6. Beacons/Pillars
7. Writing materials
8. Dumpy level
9. Measuring tape
10. Theodolite
11. Pegs
12. Graduated staff

Ranging Pole

It is a wooden or metal pole used by surveyors along with chain, tape or


farm level during surveying of a field. It ranges from 1.8m-3.0m. It is
either circular or octagonal in shape with one pointed end to effect good
penetration. It is painted with red and white colours called bands for easy
visibility. Each band is about one foot.

Uses of the Ranging Pole

1. It is used for marking spots or stations


2. It is used to determine elevation of a point relative to another point
3. It is used for marking straight lines
4. It is used in making alignment needed for extending stationlines

Measuring Tape

It is made of steel, cloth, fibre or glass. It replaces the use of gunter’s


chain. The common standard lengths are 30m, 50m and 100m. It is
marked or calibrated on one side in metric units and imperial units on the
other side

Uses of Measuring Tape

1. It is used for taking linear measurement i.e length, breadth and


height.
2. It is used to determine right angles in 3-4-5 methods of
measurement.
3. It is used for detailed measurement.

Prismatic Compass

It has a prism and a compass card marked in degrees, minutes and


seconds in a clockwise direction. It is normally placed on a stand.
Uses of Prismatic Compass

1. It is used for taking bearing.


2. It is also used for taking angular distances.

Theodolite

This instrument can be grouped into two: old theodolite and modern
theodolite. It consists of telescope, spirit level, tripod stand, clamps,
micrometer, etc.

Uses of Theodolite
1. It is used for observing and measuring horizontal and vertical angles
or planes.
2. It is used for traverse or geodetic surveying.
3. It is used for astronomical surveying.
4. It is used for leveling when used with a graduated staff.

Arrows/Pins

They are thin and pointed steel wires of about 30cm long. One end is
curve into a ring while the other end is pointed. A red cloth is normally
attached to the ring so that the pin could be seen afar off .

Uses of Arrows and Pins in Farm Surveying

1. It is used for marking chain length.


2. It is used for marking spots or stations.

Beacons/Pillars

They are constructed from cement materials. They are rectangular in


shape with height of about 2-3ft. Inscriptions are written on the upper end
that is above the ground level indicating the size of the land and number
of the surveyor. It is usually buried with one quarter of its length above
the ground level.

Uses of Beacons/Pillars

1. It is used for marking stations or spots.


2. It is used for recognition of surveyed or measured land.

Off Set Staff

It is a graduated rod of about 3m long.a hook may be fitted at the top for
the purpose of pulling a chain through a hedge. There is a telescopic link
which is 0.3m (30cm) in length.

Uses of Off Set Staff

1. It is used for taking short off set measurements.


Pegs

These are wooden rods of about 40cm long which are driven into the
ground with a mallet.

Uses of Pegs

1. They are used for points to be permanently marked


2. It is used for marking straight line

EVALUATION

1. List seven farm surveying equipment you know


2. Explain the uses of any five of them

Maintenance Measures of Farm Survey Equipment

To ensure the durability and availability of farm surveying equipment, the


need for proper maintenance becomes necessary. The following are the
maintenance measures for farm surveying equipment:

1. Employ the services of a competent surveyor.


2. Make sure the graduated instruments are not cleaned off.
3. Clean and dry the instruments properly after use.
4. Metal parts should be greased or oiled to avoid rust.
5. Paint the instruments where necessary.
6. Repair and service regularly.
7. Store in a dry cool place and away from rain or sun.
8. Sharpen the blunt edges and points.
9. Replace worn out parts.
10. All bolts, nuts and screws should be tightened before and after
use.

EVALUATION

1. Give two reasons why maintenance of farm surveying equipment is


necessary.
2. State seven steps to be taken to ensure that survey equipment are
properly maintained.
3. Enumerate five importance of farm survey.
4. (a) List seven equipment used in farm survey. (b) Describe five of
the equipment and state their uses.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy