Scribd
Upload
502 views16 pages

Chapter 5 Optimum Baseband Receiver

The document discusses the optimal baseband receiver and matched filter. It explains that inserting a matched filter can reduce the probability of bit error to its smallest possible value by filtering out channel noise. It provides examples of designing and implementing a matched filter for different line codes like polar RZ. This includes deriving the probability of bit error expression and worked examples of calculating it for given parameters.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Fahmy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
502 views16 pages

Chapter 5 Optimum Baseband Receiver

The document discusses the optimal baseband receiver and matched filter. It explains that inserting a matched filter can reduce the probability of bit error to its smallest possible value by filtering out channel noise. It provides examples of designing and implementing a matched filter for different line codes like polar RZ. This includes deriving the probability of bit error expression and worked examples of calculating it for given parameters.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Fahmy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband

Receiver 1
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband Receiver
Fig 1 in the next slide shows how channel noise can affect probability
of bit error (P
e
).
By inserting a filter (called a Matched Filter), P
e
can be reduced to
its optimum (smallest possible) value.
PCM
Transmitter
Baseband
Channel
Threshold
Device
Sample
every T
b
sec
Repeater
Matched
Filter
Note: The Pulse Regenerator is
now called Threshold Device, in
keeping with Bound Notes
notation.
Note: Matched Filter works under
zero ISI condition; i.e. in practice
you must minimise ISI problem to
near-zero condition.
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 2
Fig 1: Showing how channel noise affects probability of bit error (P
e
)
PCM
Transmitter
Baseband
Channel
Pulse
Regenerator
(Detector)
Sample every
T
b
sec
Repeater
A B C
0 T
b
0
2T
b
3T
b
4T
b
0
0
T
b
2T
b 3T
b
4T
b
0
0
T
b 2T
b
3T
b
4T
b
1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1
Error
A
B
C
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 3
How to Design a Matched Filter ?

Example 1.1
Design a matched filter whose line
code input to the filter is a polar RZ
Solution:
Polar RZ:
Basic waveforms:
s
2
(t)
s
1
(t)
s
2
(T
b
-t) s
1
(T
b
-t)
s
2
(t)
s
1
(t)
2V
s
2
(t) s
1
(t)
0
2V
0
2V
0
s
2
(-t) s
1
(-t)
{
Impulse response h(t)
0 T
b

Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 4
Therefore if the output of the baseband channel feeding the
matched filter is a polar RZ line code waveform of amplitude
V volt, then the matched filter must have a characteristic
where its impulse response is as shown:
Matched
Filter
(t)
0 t
0 T
b

Impulse
response
h(t)
Once you know the impulse response characteristic of the
matched filter, you can implement the matched filter circuit
from the h(t) waveform using signal processing technique.
2V
0
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 5
Probability of Bit Error for Matched Filter
Example 1.2
The input to a matched filter from a baseband transmission
channel is a polar RZ with amplitude V volt. Each bit has a
duration of T
b
sec. The single-sided power spectral density of
the channel is given as q W/Hz. Show that the probability of
bit error for this matched filter is given by:
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
T V
erfc
2
1
P
b
2
e
Assume statistical independence in bit generation and
equiprobable transmission of binary 1 and 0.
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 6
Solution:
Probability of bit error for a matched filter in general is given by:
|
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
=
8
erfc
2
1
2 2
erfc
2
1
P
e

where
}
=
b
T
dt t s t s
0
2
1 2
2
)] ( ) ( [
2
q

}
Given in Formula List
Doc
2V
0
0 T
b

2
T
b
From Example 1.1
s
2
(t) s
1
(t)
waveform is :-
| |
q

q q q q
q q

b
b b
T
T
T T
T V
T V T V
t
V
dt
V
dt V dt t s t s
b
b
b b
2
2 2
2 /
0
2
2 /
0
2
2 /
0
2
0
2
1 2
2
4
4
2
8 8 8
4
2
)] ( ) ( [
2
=
= = = =
= =
}
} }
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 7
|
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
=
8
erfc
2
1
2 2
erfc
2
1
P
e

(from Formula List)
Substitute
q

b
T V
2
4
=
into above equation:
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
q
q q
2
erfc
2
1
8
4
erfc
2
1
8 /
4
erfc
2
1
P
2
2 2
e
b
b b
T V
T V T V
i.e.
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
q 2
erfc
2
1
P
2
e
b
T V
for matched filter with polar RZ input.
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 8
Implementation of Matched Filter
The matched filter can be implemented by using an
Integrate and Dump Correlation Receiver, as shown
below :-
SW2
SW1
Sample every
T
b
sec
A
B
A = Line code waveform corrupted by channel noise.
B = s
2
(t) s
1
(t) ; where s
2
(t) and s
1
(t) are waveform patterns for binary 1
and binary 0, respectively.
SW1 samples the integrator output at the end of each bit duration.
SW2 operates after SW1, to clear integrator output to zero.

Integrator
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 9
Example 1.3
An integrate and dump correlation receiver is shown in Fig 1.3.1.
If its input is a Manchester code waveform of amplitude V volt,
sketch the waveforms at A to E for a 1101 sequence. Explain the
operations of SW1 and SW2.
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 10
Solution:
For binary sequence { 1 1 0 1}, Manchester code waveform at A is:
1 1 0 1
-V
V
t
0
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 11
Waveform at B is based on the equation: s
2
(t) s
1
(t) for each bit frame:
To sketch waveform B, repeat
s
2
(t) s
1
(t) waveform pattern for every
bit frame.
s
2
(t) (binary 1)
s
1
(t) (binary 0)
s
2
(t) s
1
(t) :
V
-V
2V
Bit
Duration
V
-V
-2V
2V
t
1 1 0 1
Waveform B :
-2V
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 12
Waveform C is the multiplication of Waveform A and Waveform B
A:
B:
-2V
2
2V
2
t
C:
1 1 0 1
-V
V
t
0
2V
t
-2V
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 13
Waveform D is the integration of Waveform C.
Consider an integrator circuit as shown in Fig (a) below:
) (t v
o
If C =
Fig (a)
C = D =
| |
b
T
o i
T KV
t
V K t v V t v
b
2
0
2 2
2 2 ) ( D constant), (a 2 ) ( = = = =

D varies linearly with t


over 0 t T
b


Value of D at
t = T
b
K = circuit constant
dc i
V t v = ) (
| |
b
b b b
T
dc
T
dc
T
dc
T
i o
t KV dt KV dt V K dt t v K t v
0
0 0 0
) ( ) ( = = = =
} } }
2V
2




-2V
2




2KV
2
T
b



t
t
0
C
D
0
-2KV
2
T
b



1 1 0 1
T
b
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 14
SW1 is closed at the end of each bit duration for a very short duration to
sample the D waveform. After sampling D, SW1 is opened again followed
by the short closure of SW2 to discharge the capacitor so that D
waveform drops to zero to initialize the start of the next bit-frame
waveform of D.
t
t
D
= SW1 operation
= SW2 operation
1
0 1 1
0
E
2KV
2
T
b
-2KV
2
T
b
0
V
-V
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 15
A:
B:
-2V
2
2V
2
t
C:
1 1 0 1
-V
V
t
0
2V
t
-2V
t
t
D
= SW1 operation
= SW2 operation
1
0 1 1
0
E
2KV
2
T
b
-2KV
2
T
b
0
V
-V
Waveform A to E:
Chapter 5: Optimum Baseband
Receiver 16
Example 1.4
The input to a matched filter is a polar RZ signal of amplitude 10 mV.
The data rate is 4800 b/s. The baseband channel generates an AWGN
with a double-sided power spectal density of 1 nanowatt/Hz.
Assuming that the binary source has equiprobable generation of
binary 1 or 0 and bits generation are independent, compute the
probability of bit error.
Solution:
The probability of bit error for polar RZ for a matched filter has been derived in

in Example 1.2 and is shown as:
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
T V
erfc
2
1
P
b
2
e
Given: V = 10 mV; q/2 = 10
-9
q = 2 x 10
-9
;
R
b
= 4800b/s T
b
= 1/R
b
= 2.083 x 10
-4
Therefore
6 - 5 -
9 -
4 - 2 3 -
b
2
e
10 x 63 . 2 10 x 0.5269 x
2
1
erfc(3.22)
2
1
) erfc(3.227
2
1
10 x 2
10 x 083 . 2 x ) 10 x 0 (1
erfc
2
1
2
T V
erfc
2
1
P
= = = =
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy