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Science Form 2 Chapter 10 Notes

This document discusses simple machines, specifically levers. It defines a lever as a simple machine that uses a fulcrum to multiply force. There are three main parts of a lever: the fulcrum, effort (applied force), and load (resisting force). There are three classes of levers - first, second, and third class - which differ based on the relative positions of the fulcrum, effort, and load. The moment of a force is also explained, which is the turning effect of a force, calculated as force times distance from the fulcrum. The principle of moments states that the sum of the anticlockwise moments equals the sum of the clockwise moments when a lever is in equilibrium.

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395 views12 pages

Science Form 2 Chapter 10 Notes

This document discusses simple machines, specifically levers. It defines a lever as a simple machine that uses a fulcrum to multiply force. There are three main parts of a lever: the fulcrum, effort (applied force), and load (resisting force). There are three classes of levers - first, second, and third class - which differ based on the relative positions of the fulcrum, effort, and load. The moment of a force is also explained, which is the turning effect of a force, calculated as force times distance from the fulcrum. The principle of moments states that the sum of the anticlockwise moments equals the sum of the clockwise moments when a lever is in equilibrium.

Uploaded by

Adrian Jonathan Louis
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIMPLE MACHINES

WHAT IS LEVER ?
Lever is a) A simple machine b) Enables small effort to overcome a heavy load c) Can be used to lift heavy objects d) Makes work easier A lever is a simple machine which turns about a fixed point called the FULCRUM, when a force called the EFFORT is applied to overcome a resisting force known as the

WEDGE LEVER

WHEEL AND AXEL

6 TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES

SCREW PULLEY

INCLINED PLANE

WHAT IS LEVER ?
A

lever has 3 parts a)Fulcrum - the turning point or pivot b)Effort - the force applied to overcome a resisting force called the load c)Load - the resisting force exerted by an object

SIMPLE MACHINES

FIRST CLASS LEVER


Relative position of F ,E and L - F between E and L Common characteristics Small force is used to move a large load Effort moves through a longer distance than the load Effort is further from the fulcrum than the load

Common devices Claw hammer Pliers Scissors Crowbar

SECOND CLASS LEVER


Relative position of F , E and L Second class lever L between F and E Common characteristics - Small force is used to move a large load Effort moves through a longer distance than the load Effort is further from the fulcrum than the load Common devices Wheelbarrow Bottle opener Paper cutter Nutcracker

THIRD CLASS LEVER


Relative position of F ,E and L Third class lever E between F and L Common characteristics Large force is used to move a small load Load moves through a longer distance than theeffort Load is further from the fulcrum than the effort

Common devices Fishing rod Broom Ice tongs Human arm

WHAT IS THE MOMENT OF A FORCE?

When we loosen a bolt using a spanner, a force that is applied has a turning effect on the spanner. This turning effect of force is known as the moment of force

WHAT IS THE MOMENT OF A FORCE?


The moment of a force is the turning effect of the force The moment of a force is defined as: Moment of a force (N m)=Force (N) x Perpendicular distance from the pivot to the force (m) The moment of a force can be increased by: Increasing the size of the force Applying the force at a further distance from the pivot

PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS IN A LEVER

The effort and the load produce opposing moments When the lever is in EQUILIBRIUM , the sum of the anticlockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the clockwise

PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS IN A LEVER


When the lever system is balanced Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment Load (N) x Distance of load from fulcrum (m)= Effort (N) x Distance of effortfrom fulcrum (m)

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