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8038

The ICL8038 integrated circuit can generate several waveforms including sine, square, triangular, sawtooth, and pulse waves. An external capacitor is charged and discharged through two current sources controlled by a flip-flop to produce the waveforms. A triangle wave appears across the capacitor while a square wave is produced at the flip-flop output. Other waveforms can be created by adjusting the current source levels. The frequency is determined by the timing capacitor and two external resistors and can be modulated or swept by an external voltage applied to the circuit.

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325 views22 pages

8038

The ICL8038 integrated circuit can generate several waveforms including sine, square, triangular, sawtooth, and pulse waves. An external capacitor is charged and discharged through two current sources controlled by a flip-flop to produce the waveforms. A triangle wave appears across the capacitor while a square wave is produced at the flip-flop output. Other waveforms can be created by adjusting the current source levels. The frequency is determined by the timing capacitor and two external resistors and can be modulated or swept by an external voltage applied to the circuit.

Uploaded by

narendramaharana39
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8038

The ICL8038 waveform generator is a


monolithic integrated circuit capable of
producing high accuracy sine, square,
triangular, sawtooth and pulse waveforms
with a minimum of external components. The
frequency (or repetition rate) can be selected
externally from 0.001Hz to more than 300kHz
using either resistors or capacitors, and
frequency modulation and sweeping can be
accomplished with an external voltage.
An external capacitor C is charged and
discharged by two current sources. Current
source #2 is switched on and off by a flip-flop,
while current source #1 is on continuously.
Assuming that the flip-flop is in a state such
that current source #2 is off, and the capacitor
is charged with a current I, the voltage across
the capacitor rises linearly with time. When
this voltage reaches the level of comparator
#1 (set at 2/3 of the supply voltage), the flip-
flop is triggered, changes states, and releases
current source #2.
This current source normally carries a current
2I, thus the capacitor is discharged with a net-
current I and the voltage across it drops
linearly with time. When it has reached the
level of comparator #2 (set at 1/3 of the
supply voltage), the flip-flop is triggered into
its original state and the cycle starts again.

Four waveforms are readily obtainable from
this basic generator circuit. With the current
sources set at I and 2I respectively, the charge
and discharge times are equal. Thus a triangle
waveform is created across the capacitor.
The flip-flop produces a square wave. Both
waveforms are fed to buffer stages and are
available at pins 3 and 9.
The levels of the current sources can,
however, be selected over a wide range with
two external resistors. Therefore, with the two
currents set at values different from I and 2I,
an asymmetrical sawtooth appears at
Terminal 3 and pulses with a duty cycle from
less than 1% to greater than 99% are available
at Terminal 9.
The sine wave is created by feeding the
triangle wave into a nonlinear network (sine
converter).


With two separate timing resistors, the
frequency is given by:
f =1/ (t
1
+t
2
)= 1/[R
A
C/0.66(1+(R
B
/2R
A
-R
B
)]
If R
A
= R
B
= R, f =0.33/RC

Reducing Distortion:-
To minimize sine wave distortion the 82k
resistor between pins 11 and 12 is best made
variable. With this arrangement distortion of
less than 1% is achievable.
To reduce this even further, 2 potentiometers
can be connected as shown in Figure ; this
configuration allows a typical reduction of sine
wave distortion close to 0.5%.


Selecting RA, RB and C
For any given output frequency, there is a wide range
of RC combinations that will work, however certain
constraints are placed upon the magnitude of the
charging current for optimum performance.
At the low end, currents of less than 1A are
undesirable because circuit leakages will contribute
significant errors at high temperatures.
At higher currents(I > 5mA), transistor betas and
saturation voltages will contribute increasingly larger
errors.
Optimum performance will, therefore, be obtained
with charging currents of 10A to 1mA.

The waveform generator can be operated
either from a single power supply (10V to 30V)
or a dual power supply (5V to 15V). With a
single power supply the average levels of the
triangle and sine wave are at exactly one-half
of the supply voltage, while the square wave
alternates between V+ and ground.
A split power supply has the advantage that all
waveforms move symmetrically about ground.

Frequency Modulation and Sweeping
The frequency of the waveform generator is a
direct function of the DC voltage at Terminal 8
(measured from V+). By altering this voltage,
frequency modulation is performed.
For small deviations (e.g. 10%) the
modulating signal can be applied directly to
pin 8, merely providing DC decoupling with a
capacitor as shown in Figure.

An external resistor between pins 7 and 8 is
not necessary, but it can be used to increase
input impedance from about 8k (pins 7 and
8 connected together), to about (R + 8k).
For larger FM deviations or for frequency
sweeping, the modulating signal is applied
between the positive supply voltage and pin 8
(Figure 5B).
In this way the entire bias for the current
sources is created by the modulating signal,
and a very large (e.g. 1000:1) sweep range is
created (f = Minimum at V
SWEEP
= 0, i.e., Pin 8
= V+).
In this configuration the charge current is no
longer a function of the supply voltage (yet
the trigger thresholds still are) and thus the
frequency becomes dependent on the supply
voltage.
The potential on Pin 8 may be swept down
from V+ by (1/3 V
SUPPLY
- 2V).
Sweep FM Range.
The ratio of maximum frequency to minimum
frequency which can be obtained by applying
a sweep voltage to pin 8. For correct
operation, the sweep voltage should be within
the range:
(2/3 VSUPPLY + 2V) < VSWEEP < VSUPPLY

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