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Chapter 2, Linear Motion (Sec. 1)

This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on linear motion and kinematics. It introduces kinematics as the study of motion using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations. It defines important concepts like reference frames, displacement, distance, speed, velocity, and their relationships. It also discusses representing motion using graphs of displacement vs. time and distance vs. time, and understanding slope in the context of these graphs as it relates to speed and velocity.

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381 views23 pages

Chapter 2, Linear Motion (Sec. 1)

This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on linear motion and kinematics. It introduces kinematics as the study of motion using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations. It defines important concepts like reference frames, displacement, distance, speed, velocity, and their relationships. It also discusses representing motion using graphs of displacement vs. time and distance vs. time, and understanding slope in the context of these graphs as it relates to speed and velocity.

Uploaded by

FullyFaltoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2: Linear Motion

Kinematics
Kinematics
Kinematics is the science of describing the
motion of objects using words, diagrams,
numbers, graphs, and equations.

Kinematics is a branch of mechanics (SEM 1).

The goal of any study of kinematics is to
develop sophisticated models which serve to
describe how real-world objects move.
Todays Objectives
Understand what is meant by a reference
frame when describing motion.

Define and Explain the differences between
distance/displacement and speed/velocity.

Understand what a vector is and how it can be
used to represent a displacement or a velocity.
Day 1
Measuring The Motion of Objects
Observe the lab table in the front of your class
room. Is it in motion?
Think Again!
Every time we describe the motion of an
object, we must define a frame of reference.
A frame of reference consists of:
An origin (a starting point, like the point (0,0) on
a graph)
At least 1 Axis with consistent units.
And it is usually at rest (but not always!)

Frame of Reference
Displacement
As an object moves from one location to
another, the length of a straight line path from
the initial position to the final position is
called the displacement.
Displacement (continued)
Displacement is not always equal to distance
traveled.
Observe your teacher take 2 steps forward then 2
steps back!

Displacement can be positive or negative.
(Remember, we measure from a reference
frame!)
Your Turn!
3 km
3 km
1.5
km
1.5
km
1. What is the total distance traveled in meters?
= 1.5 + 3 + 3 + 1.5 = 9 km = 9x10
3
m = 9,000 m

2. What is the total displacement in meters?
= 0 m
A long distance runner travels the path shown.
Speed
Speed is a measure of how fast something is going.

We often talk about instantaneous speed (speed at
any instant, like what your speedometer on your car
reads)
and measured average speed (the total distance
traveled divided by the total time it takes).

Average Speed = D distance / D time

Example Units: Mph Km/hr m/s
Velocity
Velocity is a measure of how fast something is going
in a specified direction.


Average Velocity = Dx / Dt
Where Dx is displacement


Review Question
During a race on level ground, Andra runs with
an average velocity of 6.02 m/s to the east.
What is Andras displacement after 137 s?
Holt Ch. 2 Pg. 44
Solution
Words you think mean the same thing...
We often use the following words interchangeably:

Distance & displacement
Speed & velocity

However, there is a Major Difference:

Displacement and velocity are vector quantities.
That is, they have a magnitude and a direction.

32 mph North

6.29 m/s East
18 Km South
Lab
Toy Car Lab
With a focus on:
recording accurate data.
Repeatable trials
Careful interpretation of data

Day 2/3
So far, We have discussed several ways to represent velocity
and speed: words, numbers, equations, and now graphs.


Representing Motion With Graphs
Position = Distance (in cm for lab)

Note that your line points up and to the
right. This is considered a positive slope.

Remember m = slope = Rise = DY

Run DX
Displacement vs. Time
Day 4
Graphs (continued)
Speed = D distance / D time

in this lab:

S = D x / D t

Recall: m = Slope = Rise/Run
= DY / Dx

Using the Information given, what does the slope represent in this following
graph? (see question # 15 on your lab as well)


Thats Right!
Slope = Speed
In this case m = DY / DX =
Distance / time = speed!!!
Understanding Slope
Which car has a higher constant speed?
Clearly the red car moves much faster then the blue car so it has a higher
constant speed.
But also look at the graphs! The slope of the red line is steeper than the blue
line.
Rule: A steeper line means bigger slope.
In this case, the bigger slope is the bigger constant speed!!!!!
Understanding Slope
What slope Is the biggest?
Which slope is equal to zero?
Which is slope is equal to one?
Slopes of Curves
Can you define a constant slope for the graph
below?





So explain what is happening to the speed in this
graph.
Instantaneous Speed
Speed at various times can still be found.
We must use slopes of tangent lines.
Tangent Lines
Do not cross (intersect) the curve.

Touch the curve at only one point.

Indicate the instantaneous speed for any point
on a distance vs. time graph.
Chapter 2 Problem 11 (Yes! It was
Hard!)
Problem solving strategies for difficult problems
1. List Givens
2. Draw a Picture
3. Determine Equations that are Applicable
4. Use algebra and THINK creatively to find a
solution

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