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Railway Track Security Systm

Illustration of Railway security sysyem

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Nikhil Hosur
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376 views28 pages

Railway Track Security Systm

Illustration of Railway security sysyem

Uploaded by

Nikhil Hosur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAILWAY TRACK SECURITY SYSTEM

Introduction
The main objective of this project is to develop detecting
the crack in the railway track and alert the near by station.
Two rails forming the part of the track are made using a
pair of discontinuous wire which biases a pair of
transistors being powered from DC source.
The discontinuation is sorted by a jumper wire to simulate
healthy track condition. Removing the jumper results in
transistors being cut off thus delivering logic one to the
microcontroller.
The program thereafter takes control to send SMS
message through GSM modem interface through
MAX232 to the microcontroller

Contents
Introduction
Block diagram
Hardware requirements
Power supply
Microcontroller
GSM
Schematic diagram
Working of the project
Advantages
Applications
Conclusion

Block diagram

Hardware requirements
TRANSFORMER (230 12 V AC)
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)
RECTIFIER
FILTER
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
GSM COMMUNICATION
GSM MODEM
LED
LCD DISPLAY
MAX 232
DB9 CONNECTOR
1N4007
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR

Hardware Components description


1. 230 V AC

50 Hz

2. Using In4007 as Bridge rectifier

12V step down


transformer

3. Capacitors Filter(470f)

4. 5v Regulator

5. Relay

6. GSM MODEM

8. Max 2320

7. OPTO-ISOLATOR

8. DB9

CONNECTOR

10. RESISTOR

9. LED

11. Capacitor

Power supply

Description of power supply


The circuit uses standard power supply comprising of a step-down
transformer from 230v to 12v and 4 diodes forming a Bridge Rectifier
that delivers pulsating dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic
capacitor of about 470microf to 100microF.
The filtered dc being un regulated IC LM7805 is used to get 5v
constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input dc varying from 9v to 14v.
The regulated 5volts dc is further filtered by a small electrolytic
capacitor of 10 micro f for any noise so generated by the circuit.
One LED is connected of this 5v point in series with a resistor of
330ohms to the ground i.e. negative voltage to indicate 5v power supply
availability.

Block diagram of mc
External interrupts
Interrup
t
Control

On-chip
ROM for
program
code

Timer/Counter

On-chip
RAM

Timer 1
Timer 0

CPU

OSC

Bus
Control

4 I/O Ports

P0 P1 P2 P3

Address/Data

Serial
Port

TxD RxD

Counter
Inputs

false

Microcontroller(at89s52)
Compatible with MCS-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP)
Flash Memory
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer
o Fast Programming Time

PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52

BC547 (NPN Transistor)

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial


Silicon Transistor.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100

mA NPN general-purpose transistors.


The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of
the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, ().

The current gain from the emitter to the collector

terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (), and is a function of the


transistor itself

GSM COMMUNICATION
The term GSM usually means the GSM standard
and protocols in the frequency spectrum around
900MHz.
MS
- Mobile Station:
The MS is the physical equipment used by a
subscriber, most often a normal hand-held cellular
telephone.
BTS
-Base Transceiver Station:
The BTS comprises the radio transmission and
reception devices, and also manages the signal
processing related to the air interface.

GSM MODEM
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card,
and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile
phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to
use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.
While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet
connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and
MMS messages.

MAX 232
The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS232serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic
circuits.

The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the


RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals .
When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level
to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to
between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL
Logic 1 to between -3 to -15V, and vice
versa for converting from RS232 to TTL.

DB9 CONNECTOR
The DB9 (originally DE-9) connector is an
analog 9-pin plug of the D-Sub miniature
connector family (D-Sub or Sub-D).

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)


Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are
16x2 and 20x2 displays.

This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20


characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to

the controller chip which receives data from an external


source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

LCD BACKGROUND

If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

Software Requirements
Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers,
real-time

kernels,

environments,

debuggers,

evaluation

boards,

simulators,
and

integrated

emulators

for

ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051


MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level


Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an
output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but
not for other microprocessors.

i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like C will compile the

code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86


(underlying microprocessor in the computer).
For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the
Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler
then compiler is a program that translates source code into object
code.

Advantages of 190:
Accident can be prevented by taking
immediate response
Immediately cracked information delivered
globally to consultants
Disadvantages:
Memory is versatile, phone number stored in
the RAM of C

BIBILOGRAPHY
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems
by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi

, Pearson Education.
ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
www.atmel.com
www.beyondlogic.org
www.wikipedia.org
www.howstuffworks.com
www.alldatasheets.com

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