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Basic Concepts of Network

The document provides an overview of basic concepts of computer networks, including definitions, components, types, and advantages/disadvantages. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to share resources and communicate. Key components include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. Networks are classified by geography (LAN, WAN, PAN, CAN, MAN) and roles (peer-to-peer, client-server). Advantages include resource sharing and connectivity, while disadvantages include costs and administration burdens.

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65 views

Basic Concepts of Network

The document provides an overview of basic concepts of computer networks, including definitions, components, types, and advantages/disadvantages. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to share resources and communicate. Key components include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. Networks are classified by geography (LAN, WAN, PAN, CAN, MAN) and roles (peer-to-peer, client-server). Advantages include resource sharing and connectivity, while disadvantages include costs and administration burdens.

Uploaded by

Saravana Vel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

BASIC CONCEPTS

OF NETWORK

INDEX

Definition & applications of computer


network
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area

Network classification by their


component role

Types of servers

DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS

DEFINTION:
A computer network is defined as the interconnection
of two or more computers. It is done to enable the
computers to communicate and share available
resources.
APPLICATIONS:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

v.

Sharing of resources such as printers


Sharing of expensive software's and database
Communication from one computer to another computer
Exchange of data and information among users via
network
Sharing of information over geographically wide areas.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK

Two or more computers


Cables as links between the computers
A network interfacing card(NIC) on each
computer
Switches
Software called operating system(OS)

NETWORK BENEFITS

The network provided to the users can


be divided into two categories:
i.
ii.

Sharing
Connectivity

SHARING RESOURCES

Types of resources are:


1.

2.

Hardware: A network allows users to


share many hardware devices such as
printers , modems, fax machines, CD
ROM, players, etc.
Software: sharing software resources
reduces the cost of software installation,
saves space on hard disk.

OTHER BENEFITS OF COMPUTER


NETWORK
o
o
o
o
o
o

Increased speed
Reduced cost
Improved security
Centralized software managements
Electronic mail
Flexible access

DISDAVATAGES OF
NETWORKS
o
o
o
o

High cost of installation


Requires time for administration
Failure of server
Cable faults

CLASSIFICATION OF AREA BY THEIR


GEOGRAPHY
NETWORK
PAN

LOCAL AREA
NETWORK(LAN)

LAN is a network which is designed to operate


over a small physical area such as an office,
factory or a group of buildings.
LANs are easy to design and troubleshoot
Exchange of information and sharing of resources
becomes easy because of LAN.
In LAN all machines are connected to a single
cable.
Different types of topologies such as star, tree,
bus, ring, etc Can be used
It is usually a privately owned network.

WIDE AREA
NETWORK(WAN)

When network spans over a large distance or when


the computers to be connected to each other are at
widely separated locations a local area network
cannot be used. A wide area network(WAN) is
installed.
The communication between different users of WAN
is established using leased telephone lines, satellite
links and similar channels.
It is cheaper and more efficient to use the phone
network for the link.
Most WAN networks are used to transfer large blocks
of data between its users.

PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)

A personal area network is a computer network


organized around an individual person.
It generally consists of a mobile computer, a cell
phone or personal digital assistant. PAN enables
the communication among these devices.
It can also be used for communication among
personal devices themselves for connecting to a
digital level network and internet.
The PANs can be constructed using wireless or
cables.

CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN)

The campus area network is made up of


an interconnection of LAN with limited
geographical area.
Network equipments such as switches,
routers and the transmission media i.e.
optical fibre etc are almost entirely
owned by the campus owner.

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK(MAN)

It is in between LAN & WAN technology


that covers the entire city.
It uses similar technology as LAN.
It can be a single network such as cable
TV network, or a measure of connecting
a number of LANs o a large network so
that resources can be shared LAN to LAN
as well as device to device.

LAN

WAN

PAN

CAN
MAN

DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LAN,WAN,MAN


PARAMETE
RS

LAN

WAN

MAN

Ownership of
network

Private

Private or public

Private or public

Geographical
area covered

Small

Very large

Moderate

Design and
maintenance

Easy

Not easy

Not easy

Communication
medium

Coaxial cable

PSTN or satellite
links

Coaxial cables,
PSTN, optical
fibre, cables,
wireless

Bandwidth

Low

High

moderate

Data
rates(speed)

High

Low

moderate

NETWORK CLASSIFICATION BY
THEIR COMPONENT ROLE
LOCAL
PEER
AREA
TO PEER
NETWORK
NETWORK

PEER TO PEER NETWORK

In peer to peer network each computer is responsible for


making its own resources available to other computers on the
network.
Each computer is responsible for setting up and maintaining its
own security for these resources.
Also each computer is responsible for accessing the required
network resources from peer to peer relationships.
Peer to peer network is useful for a small network containing
less than 10 computers on a single LAN .
In peer to peer network each computer can function as both
client and server.
Peer to peer networks do not have a central control system.
There are no servers in peer networks.
Peer networks are amplified into home group.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF PEER


TO PEER NETWORK
Advantages:

Use less expensive computer hardware


Easy to administer
No NOS required
More built in redundancy
Easy setup & low cost

Disadvantages:

Not very secure


No central point of storage or file archiving
Additional load on computer because of resource sharing
Hard to maintain version control

CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK

In client-server network relationships, certain computers act as


server and other act as clients. A server is simply a computer,
that available the network resources and provides service to
other computers when they request it. A client is the computer
running a program that requests the service from a server.
Local area network(LAN) is based on client server network
relationship.
A client-server network is one n which all available network
resources such as files, directories, applications and shared
devices, are centrally managed and hosted and then are
accessed by client.
Client serve network are defined by the presence of servers on
a network that provide security and administration of the
network.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF


CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK
Advantages:
Very secure
Better performance
Centralized backup
very reliable

Disadvantages:

requires professional administration

TYPES OF SERVERS
File server
SERVERS

TYPES OF SERVERS

File server: These servers provide the services for storing,


retrieving and moving the data. A user can read, write,
exchange and manage the files with the help of file servers.
Printer server: The printer server is used for controlling and
managing printing on the network. It also offers the fax service
to the network users.
Application server: The expensive software and additional
computing power can be shared by the computers in a
network with he help of application servers.
Message server: It is used to co-ordinate the interaction
between users, documents and applications. The data can be
used in the for of audio, video, binary, text or graphics.
Database server: It is a type of application server. It allows the
uses to access the centralised strong database.

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