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Calculus Intro

The document discusses different types of functions including linear, exponential and rates of change. It defines linear functions as those whose graph is a straight line and explains how to find the slope and y-intercept of a linear function. It also defines exponential functions using the exponential growth model and discusses how the base rate determines whether a function grows or decays exponentially.

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Maya Ashley
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37 views21 pages

Calculus Intro

The document discusses different types of functions including linear, exponential and rates of change. It defines linear functions as those whose graph is a straight line and explains how to find the slope and y-intercept of a linear function. It also defines exponential functions using the exponential growth model and discusses how the base rate determines whether a function grows or decays exponentially.

Uploaded by

Maya Ashley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Intro

Section 1.1: What is a


function?
It is like a black box

Input
The input of a function is called the

independent variable
We usually will use the letter x to refer to
the independent variable. Sometimes we
will use the letter t but only if the
independent variable is a measure of time.
The set of all values that the independent
variable can take is called Domain.

Output
The output of a function is called the

dependent variable
We usually use the letter y to denote the
output
The set of values that the output can take
is called Range

Section 1.2: Linear Functions


Functions that always

increase or decrease
the same amount for
each unit of the
independent variable
(x)
Functions that follow
y mx of
b the
an equation
form
Functions whose

graph is straight line

Linear function
The quantities m and b determine the line
The y-intercept is b
The slope is m

y mx b

The slope
It is the most important characteristic of a

line
It tells us how the function grows

Slope Positive
If

m 0 , then the

line is increasing
The bigger the
slope, the steeper
the line

Slope negative
If m

0 , then the line

is decreasing
The more negative the
slope, the faster it
decreases

Slope Zero
If m

then the
line is horizontal

Line determined by 2 points


Given points
( x1 , y1 ) ( x2 , y2 )

find the slope and intercept of the line


passing through them.

y2 y1
m
x2 x1

b y1 m x1
or
b y 2 m x2

Can the values of a table


indicate a line?

Yes, of course. It is very easy to know if the

values of a table indicate a line: If the yvalue always grows by the same amount
for a unit increase in x.

Section 1.3: Rates of Change


How can we measure how a function

grows ?... One way is with the Average Rate


of Change
The change in the value of a quantity
divided by the elapsed time. For a function,
this is the change in the y-value divided by
the change in the x-value for two distinct
points on the graph.

Arc

a ,b

f (b) f (a )
f ( x)
ba

Visualizing the ARC


Looking at the

formula of the
ARC we can
see that it is
the slope of
the secant line
that passes
through the
two points

Arc

a ,b

f (b) f (a )
f ( x)
ba

ARC as a slope
Note that since the ARC is a slope, if the

quantity grows, then the ARC is positive


If the quantity decreases, the ARC is
negative

Concave Up
Concave Up: A graph or part of a graph

which looks like a right-side up bowl or part


of an right-side up bowl.
Remember: Concave Up behaves like U.

Concave Down
Concave Down: A graph or part of a graph

which looks like an upside-down bowl or


part of an upside-down bowl.
Remember: Concave Down behaves like n

Types of intervals:

Section 1.5 Exponential


Functions

P (t ) P0 a
P
a

Initial value Tells us how


Y-intercept
P (0) P0

fast the
function grows
Increasing:
Decreasing:

a 1

0 a 1

Exponential function

a 1

0 a 1

a 1 r%

a 1 r%

Population US

P (t ) 303 1.01

Where t is years since


2007 and P(t) is in
millions of people

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