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Ai 411 Hart

The HART protocol allows field devices like transmitters in a 4-20mA current loop to transmit digital data over the same wires using frequency-shift keying. It uses standard commands to identify devices, read process variables, and access device-specific parameters. Device Description Language defines a standard way for devices to describe their properties, enabling consistent interfaces across different hosts.

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Bilal Shahid
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80 views16 pages

Ai 411 Hart

The HART protocol allows field devices like transmitters in a 4-20mA current loop to transmit digital data over the same wires using frequency-shift keying. It uses standard commands to identify devices, read process variables, and access device-specific parameters. Device Description Language defines a standard way for devices to describe their properties, enabling consistent interfaces across different hosts.

Uploaded by

Bilal Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial Automation

Automation Industrielle
Industrielle Automation

4.

Device Management Protocols


Protocoles de gestion des appareils
Gertezugangsprotokolle

4.1.1

The HART Protocol

Prof. Dr. H. Kirrmann


ABB Research Center, Baden, Switzerland
2009 March HK

4.1.1 Current Loop

The classical solution for analog values

Field device: example differential pressure transducer


4..20 mA current loop

fluid

The device transmits its value by means of a current loop


Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 3

4-20 mA loop - the conventional, analog standard (recall)


The 4-20 mA is the most common analog transmission standard in industry
sensor
v

transducer

reader

reader

i(t) = f(v)
RL1

R1

i(t) = 0, 4..20 mA

reader

RL2

R2

RL3

R3

voltage
source
10V..24V
RL4

RL4 conductor resistance

The transducer limits the current to a value between 4 mA and 20 mA,


proportional to the measured value, while 0 mA signals an error (wire break)
The voltage drop along the cable and the number of readers induces no error.
Simple devices are powered directly by the residual current (4mA)
allowing to transmit signal and power through a single pair of wires.
Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 4

4.1.2 HART
Data over 4..20 mA loops

Practically all 4..20mA devices come equipped with HART today


About 15 Mio devices are installed worldwide.

more info:

http://www.hartcomm.org/
http://www.thehartbook.com/default.htm

HART - Principle
HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) was developed by Fisher-Rosemount to
retrofit 4-to-20mA current loop transducers with digital data communication.
HART modulates the 4-20mA
current with a low-level
frequency-shift-keyed (FSK)
sine-wave signal, without
affecting the average analogue
signal.
HART uses low frequencies
(1200Hz and 2200 Hz) to deal
with poor cabling, its rate is
1200 Bd - but sufficient.
HART uses Bell 202 modem
technology, ADSL technology
was not available in 1989, at
the time HART was designed

Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 6

Installation

point-to-point

multidrop

universal hand-help terminal

taken from: www.hartcomm.org

Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 7

The Round card

http://www.fint.no/ha-i4012.pdf

The round card is a standardized printed circuit board


that can be mounted in an instrument, containing the
modem, a processor, RAM, EPROM and all the logic
and software necessary to execute the HART protocol.
It is round because most hydraulic instruments have a
round case.

Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 8

HART - Protocol
Hart communicates point-to-point, under the control of a master, e.g. a hand-held device
Master

Slave
command

Request
time-out

e
respons

Indication

Response

Confirmation

Hart frame format (character-oriented):


preamble

start

address

5..20
(xFF)

1..5

Industrial Automation

command bytecount
1

[status]

data

data

[2]
0..25
(slave response) (recommended)

checksum
1

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 9

HART - Commands
Universal commands (mandatory):

identification (each manufactured device is identified by a 38-bit unique identifier),


primary measured variable and unit (floating point format)
loop current value (%) = same info as current loop
read current and up to four predefined process variables
write short polling address
sensor serial number
instrument manufacturer, model, tag, serial number, descriptor,
range limits,

Common practice (optional)


time constants, range,
EEPROM control, diagnostics,
total 44 standard commands
Transducer-specific (user-defined)
calibration data,
trimming,
Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 10

HART commands summary


Universal Commands
Read manufacturer and device
type
Read primary variable (PV) and
units
Read current output and
percent of range
Read up to four predefined
dynamic variables
Read or write eight-character
tag, 16-character descriptor,
date
Read or write 32-character
message
Read device range values,
units, and damping time
constant
Read or write final assembly
number
Write polling address

Industrial Automation

Common Practice Commands

Device-Specific Commands
(example)

Read selection of up to four


dynamic variables
Write damping time constant
Write device range values
Calibrate (set zero, set span)
Set fixed output current
Perform self-test
Perform master reset
Trim PV zero
Write PV unit
Trim DAC zero and gain
Write transfer function (square
root/linear)
Write sensor serial number
Read or write dynamic variable
assignments

Read or write low-flow cut-off


Start, stop, or clear totalizer
Read or write density
calibration factor
Choose PV (mass, flow, or
density)
Read or write materials or
construction information
Trim sensor calibration
PID enable
Write PID setpoint
Valve characterization
Valve setpoint
Travel limits
User units
Local display information

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 11

Device Description

Also known as Device Description Language (DDL) or


eDDL (electronic Device Description Language),
electronic frontplate (Elektronisches Typenschild, plaque lectronique))

Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 12

Device access
device
volumetric flow rate
type
FlowPro
manufacturer
ABB
volumetric flow rate
3 cm2
cross sectional area:

field device

pipe inside diameter

network
adapter

handheld
device

SCADA

2 cm

velocity

13.32 m2/s

diff. pressure

9.8

Pa

density

0.8

kg/l

network
adapter

modem
4-20 mA loop for HART

13.32

Industrial Automation

9.8

0.8

transmission system (HART or field bus)

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 13

Device Description Language


Device Description Language DDL allows a field device (slave) product developer to create
a description of his instrument and all relevant characteristics, such that it can be
represented in any host (master) device. The objective is common look-and-feel,
independent of the hand-help or SCADA, similar to HTML for a web server.

Why not use HTML ?


special instructions needed !
(C-like language is used)

Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 14

Device Description usage


Device
Specification

DDL
Source
File

Specifications
DDL
Source
Language
Specification

DDL
Compiler
"tokenizer"
DDL
Binary
binary file

Binary

DDL
Encoding
Specification

DDL
Service
Library
Host Device
A binary form of the source is stored in the hand-help device
(could also be downloaded from the field device)
Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 15

Assessment

What is the purpose of the HART protocol ?


Which communication is used between a hand-help and a field device ?
Which categories of commands do exist ?
What is the purpose of the Device Description Language ?

Industrial Automation

HART Protocol 4.1.1 - 16

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