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Ekla Voo

Classical conditioning refers to learning through repeated association of stimuli. Ivan Pavlov first described this through his experiments with dogs, finding they salivated not just to food but also to a bell ringing beforehand. This showed the salivation response became conditioned to the new bell stimulus. Key elements are the unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response, and a neutral conditioned stimulus that comes to trigger that response after being paired with the unconditioned one. The process involves acquisition of the conditioned response through consistent pairing, and potential later extinction, generalization, or discrimination of stimuli.

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Jasmin Jao
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45 views21 pages

Ekla Voo

Classical conditioning refers to learning through repeated association of stimuli. Ivan Pavlov first described this through his experiments with dogs, finding they salivated not just to food but also to a bell ringing beforehand. This showed the salivation response became conditioned to the new bell stimulus. Key elements are the unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response, and a neutral conditioned stimulus that comes to trigger that response after being paired with the unconditioned one. The process involves acquisition of the conditioned response through consistent pairing, and potential later extinction, generalization, or discrimination of stimuli.

Uploaded by

Jasmin Jao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSICAL

CONDITIONING

Refers to a form of learning that occurs


through the repeated association of 2
or more different stimuli.

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)


Russian physiologist, first
described classical
conditioning while
conducting research into
the digestive system of
dogs.

Pavlovs
Research.

Pavlovs Observation
The dog salivated not only at the sight of
the food, but also at the sound of the bell
when they were preparing dogs food.

How is this response explained?

The salivation had become associated


with, and conditioned to, a new stimulus
the sound of the bell.

General principle in Classical Conditioning


is represented as :
S

STIMULUS

RESPONSE

Key Elements of Classical


Conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
A stimulus that elicits a response without
conditioning

Unconditioned response (UR)


Automatic response elicited by the
unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)


neutral stimulus that after becoming
associated with the unconditioned stimulus,
eventually comes to trigger a conditioned
response.

Conditioned Response (CR)


A response that is learned by pairing the
originally neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)
with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Key Processes in Classical


Conditioning
Acquisition
the consistent parings of the CS (bell) and the
UCS (food) that produces a CR (salivation).

Extinction
The extinction phase is when the conditioned
response no longer occurs after repeated
pairings without the unconditioned stimulus.

Spontaneous Generalization
Occurs when there is a small difference in the
presented stimulus and the original
conditioned stimulus. If Pavlovs dog heard a
bell of a similar tone, the dog would still
salivate.

Stimulus Discrimination
The opposite of generalization, it occurs when
a person or animal responds to the
conditioned stimulus only, but not to any other
stimulus that is similar to the CS

JOHN B. WATSON
He was interested on how
classical conditioning could be
applied to humans. Watson
and his assistant Rosalie
Rayner experimented on a 11month-old infant named
Albert.

How was Little


Albert conditioned?

During Conditioning
(Association & Acquisition)
CS

Is associated with

Which
automatically
leads to the
UCS

UCR

After Conditioning

CS

Leads to a
conditione
d response

CR

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