Scribd
Upload
1K views19 pages

Periodic Table PPT 2017-2018

The document discusses the history and development of the periodic table, including early contributions from scientists like Newlands, Mendeleyev, Moseley, and Seaborg who organized the elements and established patterns in properties that led to the modern periodic table; it also describes the key groups within the periodic table including their elements, valence electrons, reactivity, and other distinguishing properties. The periodic table is organized into periods of increasing atomic number and groups that contain elements with similar chemical and physical properties.

Uploaded by

api-283677111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views19 pages

Periodic Table PPT 2017-2018

The document discusses the history and development of the periodic table, including early contributions from scientists like Newlands, Mendeleyev, Moseley, and Seaborg who organized the elements and established patterns in properties that led to the modern periodic table; it also describes the key groups within the periodic table including their elements, valence electrons, reactivity, and other distinguishing properties. The periodic table is organized into periods of increasing atomic number and groups that contain elements with similar chemical and physical properties.

Uploaded by

api-283677111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Hello Chemistry Geeks 9/20/17

Today you will


need:
Create a table
lab activity copy
Notebook

1
Formation of the Periodic Table of Elements

The History of the


Modern Periodic Table

2
During the nineteenth century, chemists
began to categorize the elements
according to similarities in their physical
and chemical properties. The end result
of these studies was our modern
periodic table. 3
John Newlands
In 1863, he suggested that elements be
arranged in octaves because he
noticed (after arranging the elements in
order of increasing atomic mass) that
certain properties repeated every 8th
element. Law of Octaves

4
Dmitri Mendeleyev
Father of the Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleyev (1834-
1907), a Russian chemist,
created the 1st published
periodic table in 1869.

Mendeleyev noticed patterns in


the properties of the elements
[63 then-known], and
ingeniously was the first to
organize the elements not just
according to their physical and
chemical propertiesbut also by
increasing atomic mass 5
Mendeleyev
Arrangement
Unlike the scientist before, Mendeleyev pieced
the table together based on several specific
elemental properties:
Atomic mass: Mendeleyev placed elements with increasing
atomic mass across a row from left to right and down a
column

Reactivity: Property that describes how easily an element


will combine with other substances to form a new compound
Formula of Compounds: Mendeleyev paid attention to
which elements combined with which, and the ratios in which
their atoms combine
6
Mendeleyev's Table
Increasing atomic mass
Increasing atomic mass

7
Predictive Value
Mendeleyev was so exact with his organization of
the elements that his table demonstrated
predictive value.
Using his periodic table, Mendeleyev was able to
corrected the atomic masses of Be, In, and U and
accurately predict the discovery of Sc, Ga, and Ge.

After the discovery of the unknown elements


between 1874 and 1885, and the fact that
Mendeleevs predictions for Sc, Ga, and Ge were
amazingly close to the actual values, his table was
generally accepted.
8
Henry Moseley
Modified in 1913 by Henry
Moseley (1887-1915) into
the modern Periodic Table
Arranged in rows (periods) of
increasing Atomic Number
that is, increasing number
of protons
Arranged in columns (groups
or families) by repetition of
physical and chemical
properties
9
Glenn Seaborg
In 1944, he identified the Lanthanide
and Actinide Series while working
on the Manhattan Project during
World War II.
Seaborg is credited with the discovery
of 8 new elements.

10
Groups and Periods
Groups
vertical columns containing elements
with similar properties.
Groups are also called families
due to their similar physical and
chemical properties.
For this course, the groups are numbered
1-18 with Group 1 being on the far left
and Group 18 being on the far right of
the periodic table.

Periods
horizontal rows in order of atomic
number; each period represents a
finite grouping of elements
Currently, there are 7 periods
11
Location of Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids

12
3 Types of Elements

Metals
good conductors of heat (thermal energy) METALLOID LINE
Good conductors of electricity
Malleability hammered or rolled,
bendable
Ductile can be pulled into wire
Reactive
Luster shiny when polished
Nonmetals
Brittle not malleable or ductile
Poor conductor of electricity
Dull
Poor thermal conductor

Metalloids
Metalloid line (Zigzag Line)
Solid at room temperature
brittle solids
Have properties of metals and nonmetals
semiconductors of electricity
Conduct heat under some conditions 13
Periodic Families

14
Group # 1: Alkali Metals

Elements: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr


Hydrogen (H) is not a Alkali
Metal its a nonmetal
# Valence electrons: 1 electron
Reactivity: extremely reactive,
reacts with water, air, and
nonmetals/ they give up 1
electron when bonding
Description: malleable
(bendable), silvery, soft enough
to be cut with a dull knife
Because of their reactive nature,
they are not found in elemental
form (always in a compound)
Group #2: Alkaline Earth Metals

Elements: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,


Ra
Reactivity: Second most
reactive group of metals/ they
give up 2 electrons when
bonding
# Valence Electrons: 2
electrons
Description: Harder, denser,
and stronger than alkali metals/
Radium (Ra) is radioactive
Because of their reactive
Group #3-12: Transition Metals and
Inner Transitional Metals

Elements: Scandium (21) through Zinc (30)


Yttrium (39) through Cadmium (48)
Lanthanum (56) through Mercury (80)
Actinium (89) through Roentgenium (111)
Reactivity: Typically less reactive than alkali
and alkaline earth elements/ can use the two
outermost shells/orbitals to bond with other
elements
# Valence electrons: 1 or 2 electrons
Description: High luster, dense metals, and
good conductors of electricity
Many of the most commonly recognized
metals are in these groups (Gold, Silver,
Copper, Iron)
Many are found in pure form
Group # 17: Halogens

Elements: F, Cl, Br, I, At


Reactivity: VERY reactive,
react violently with metals to
form salt, and fluorine is the
most reactive
# Valence Electrons: 7
electrons
Description: exist in all 3
phases of matter, nonmetals
Group # 18: Noble Gases

Elements: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn


#Valence Electrons: 8 electrons
(stable configuration)
Reactivity: Inert gases that do not
react with other elements, found as
individual atoms
Description: colorless, odorless,
gases at room temperature
Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon
are all used for different types of
lighting
Radon is radioactive
A few noble gas compounds have
been formed under extreme
conditions

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy