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DC Motor: M. Rizky 04211745000005 Fahri Adib 04211745000005

The document describes the components and operating principle of a DC motor. It discusses the main parts including the stator, rotor, field poles, frame, armature, ball bearings, fan, shaft, commutator, and brushes. It explains that a DC motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy using the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. It also describes how the commutator switches the direction of current in the armature coils to keep the torque rotating the motor in one direction as the magnetic poles change orientation during rotation.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
36 views10 pages

DC Motor: M. Rizky 04211745000005 Fahri Adib 04211745000005

The document describes the components and operating principle of a DC motor. It discusses the main parts including the stator, rotor, field poles, frame, armature, ball bearings, fan, shaft, commutator, and brushes. It explains that a DC motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy using the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. It also describes how the commutator switches the direction of current in the armature coils to keep the torque rotating the motor in one direction as the magnetic poles change orientation during rotation.

Uploaded by

Em Rizky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC MOTOR

M. RIZKY 04211745000005
FAHRI ADIB 04211745000005
INTRODUCTION OF DC MOTOR

A DC Motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical


energy. It depends for its operation on the force which is known to exist on
conductor carrying a current while situated in a magnetic field.
Main construction of dc motor
• Stator
• rotor
Construction of DC MOTOR
• FIELD POLES- To produce the main magnetic flux on the motor.
When there is a field reinforcement coil, it located between the main
magnetic poles
• FRAME- The Frame is the stationary part of a
machine in which poles, and rotor are stationed.
• ARMATURE- The armature consist of core and winding. Core
Armature is to prevent the eddy current. Winding to make flux of
armature and together with flux of magnetic to rotate
• BALL BEARINGS- easily to rotate the armature
• Fan- to make the temperature stable when rotor is rotation
• Shaft- locate of armature in order can be rotate
• COMMUTATOR- a mechanical rectifier that keeps the current
from the source flowing in a fixed direction even when the rotating
field winding
• BRUSHES- the connecting terminal between the voltage source
and the commutator.
• Terminal Box- as a place to connect the cables coming from the
power supply to the cables belonging to the electric motor
PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR
• At position 1 the electron current flows from the negative
brush towards the positive brush. There will be a torque
that causes the spin to turn counter-clockwise
• When the anchor is at position 2, the brush is connected
with both commutator segments. The current flow on the
anchor is interrupted so that no torque is generated.
However, inertia causes the anchors to keep spinning past
a neutral point.
• In position 3, the location of the anchor is opposite from
the position of the anchor side at position 1. The
commutator segment reverses the direction of the
current of the electrons flowing in the anchor coil.
Therefore the direction of the current flowing in the
anchor coil is equal to the position 1. The torque will arise
which causes the fixed anchor spin counter-clockwise.
• The anchor is at a neutral point. Due to the inertia of the
anchor shaft, the anchor rotates continuously
• Pada prinsipnya motor listrik DC menggunakan fenomena elektromagnet untuk bergerak,
ketika arus listrik diberikan ke kumparan, permukaan kumparan yang bersifat utara akan
bergerak menghadap ke magnet yang berkutub selatan dan kumparan yang bersifat selatan
akan bergerak menghadap ke utara magnet. Saat ini, karena kutub utara kumparan bertemu
dengan kutub selatan magnet ataupun kutub selatan kumparan bertemu dengan kutub utara
magnet maka akan terjadi saling tarik menarik yang menyebabkan pergerakan kumparan
berhenti.
• Untuk menggerakannya lagi, tepat pada saat kutub kumparan berhadapan dengan kutub
magnet, arah arus pada kumparan dibalik. Dengan demikian, kutub utara kumparan akan
berubah menjadi kutub selatan dan kutub selatannya akan berubah menjadi kutub utara.
Pada saat perubahan kutub tersebut terjadi, kutub selatan kumparan akan berhadap dengan
kutub selatan magnet dan kutub utara kumparan akan berhadapan dengan kutub utara
magnet. Karena kutubnya sama, maka akan terjadi tolak menolak sehingga kumparan
bergerak memutar hingga utara kumparan berhadapan dengan selatan magnet dan selatan
kumparan berhadapan dengan utara magnet. Pada saat ini, arus yang mengalir ke kumparan
dibalik lagi dan kumparan akan berputar lagi karena adanya perubahan kutub. Siklus ini
akan berulang-ulang hingga arus listrik pada kumparan diputuskan.
Principle of commutator
• Pada saat t = t0 , segmen komutator tepat berimpit dengan carbon brush (sikat arang). Jika ada dua jalan paralel dalam kumparan jangkar
tersebut maka arus jangkar Ia yang mengalir pada masing-masing jalan paralel adalah Ia/2 dengan arah seperti yang ditunjukkan pada
gambar. Dengan demikian arus yang mengalir pada kumparan A = Ia/2 dan arahnya ke kanan. Jika arah putaran jangkar ke kanan seperti
pada ganbar 3 dan pada saat t = t1, sikat terletak diantara dua komutator dengan perbandingan 1 : 3 maka distribusi arus pada masing-
masing segmen komutator adalah Ia/4 pada komutator sebelah kiri, dan 3Ia/4 pada komutator sebelah kanan. Dari hukum Kirchoff untuk
arus, kita dapatkan besar arus yang megalir pada kumparan A = Ia/4 dengan arah masih tetap ke kanan.pada t = t4 sikat meninggalkan
segmen komutator sebelah kiri.
• Akhirnya pada kumparan A mengalir arus sebesar Ia/2 yang arahnya ke kiri. Jika arus dalam kumparan A digambarkan sebagai fungsi
waktu diperoleh hasil seperti terlihat pada gambar 4. Fungsi tersebut merupakan fungsi linier komutasi yang dihasilkan jika rapat arus dalam
sikat seragam. Tapi karena adanya pengaruh induktansi kumparan dan tahanan sikat untuk arus yang cukup besar maka fungsi tersebut
tidak linier lagi melainkan berupa garis lengkung. Demikianlah dengan adanya arus yang berbalik arah dalam kumparan jangkar yang
berputar dalam medan magnet dihasilkan tegangan induksi (ggl) dengan bentuk gelombang seperti pada gambar di bawah.
THANK YOU 

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