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2-3 Direct Variation Lecture

1) A direct variation is a function in the form y = kx where k is the constant of variation and does not equal 0. 2) An equation is a direct variation if its graph is a line passing through the origin or if it can be written as y = kx. 3) You can write an equation for a direct variation given a point by substituting the point into the form y = kx and solving for k.

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137 views18 pages

2-3 Direct Variation Lecture

1) A direct variation is a function in the form y = kx where k is the constant of variation and does not equal 0. 2) An equation is a direct variation if its graph is a line passing through the origin or if it can be written as y = kx. 3) You can write an equation for a direct variation given a point by substituting the point into the form y = kx and solving for k.

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Ser Nap
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Lesson 5-5

Direct Variation
Algebra I, Ms. Turk
Definition: direct variation
A direct variation is a function in the
form y = kx where k does not equal 0.
Definition: constant of variation
The constant of variation is k,
the coefficient of x.
An equation is a direct variation if:

 its graph is a line that passes through zero, or

 the equation can be written in the form y = kx.


Is an Equation a Direct Variation?
If it is, find the constant of variation.

5x + 2y = 0 Solve for y.
1. Subtract 5x.
5 2. Divide by 2.
y  x
2
Yes, it’s a direct variation.
5
Constant of variable, k, is  2 .
Is an Equation a Direct Variation?
If it is, find the constant of variation.

5x + 2y = 9 Solve for y.
9  5x 1. Subtract 5x.
y
2 2. Divide by 2.
5
y  4.5  x
2
No, it’s not a direct variation.
It’s not in the form y = kx.

Is an Equation a Direct Variation?
If it is, find the constant of variation.
7y = 2x
2
y x
7
Yes, it is a direct variation.
2
The constant of variation, k, is .
7


Writing an Equation Given a Point
Write an equation of the direct variation that
includes the point (4, -3).
y = kx Start with the function form of the direct variation.

-3 = k(4) Substitute 4 for x and -3 for y.

3
k  Divide by 4 to solve for k.
4
3
y  x
Substitute the value of k into the original formula. 4
Writing an Equation Given a Point
Write an equation of the direct variation that
includes the point (-3, -6).
y = kx Start with the function form of the direct variation.

-6 = k(-3) Substitute -3 for x and -6 for y.

k 2 Divide by -3 to solve for k.

Substitute the value of k into the original formula. y  2x


Real-World Problem Solving
Your distance from lightning varies
directly with the time it takes you to
hear thunder. If you hear thunder 10
seconds after you see the lightning,
you are about 2 miles from the
lightning. Write an equation for the
relationship between time and distance.
Real-World Problem Solving
Relate:
The distance varies directly with the
time. When x = 10, y = 2.

Define:
Let x = number of seconds between
seeing lightning and hearing thunder.
Let y = distance in miles from lightning.
Real-World Problem Solving
y = kx Use general form of direct variation.
2 = k(10) Substitute 2 for y and 10 for x.
1
k Solve for k.
5
1
Write an equation using the value for k. y x
5
Real-World Problem Solving
A recipe for a dozen corn muffins
calls for 1 cup of flower. The number
of muffins varies directly with the
amount of flour you use. Write a
direct variation for the relationship
between the number of cups of flour
and the number of muffins.
Real-World Problem Solving
y = kx
12 = k(1)
k = 12
y = 12x
Real-World Problem Solving
The force you must apply to lift an
object varies directly with the object’s
weight. You would need to apply 0.625
lb of force to a windlass to lift a 28-lb
weight. How much force would you
need to lift 100 lb?

Relate: A force of 0.625 lifts 28 lb.


What lifts 100 lb?
Use a proportion.
0.625 n

28 100
Cross multiply. 28n = 62.5
Solve for n. n ≈ 2.2

You need about 2.2 lb of force to lift 100 lb.


Real-World Problem Solving
Suppose a second windlass
requires 0.5 lb of force to lift
an object that weighs 32 lb.
How much force would you
need to lift 160 lb?
Use a proportion.
0.5 n

32 160
Cross multiply. 32n = 80
Solve for n. n = 2.5

You need 2.5 lb of force to lift 160 lb.

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