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Taxying: The Flying Training Manual - Section 5

This document provides guidance on taxiing aircraft on the ground. It discusses using throttle and brakes to control speed, rudder pedals to steer, and considerations for different surfaces and winds. Key points include taxiing at a walking pace, anticipating turns and stops, giving right of way, and using checklists and situational awareness for safety. Exercises cover starting, moving off, braking, turning, stopping and contingency procedures.

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Anshul Sheoran
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67 views43 pages

Taxying: The Flying Training Manual - Section 5

This document provides guidance on taxiing aircraft on the ground. It discusses using throttle and brakes to control speed, rudder pedals to steer, and considerations for different surfaces and winds. Key points include taxiing at a walking pace, anticipating turns and stops, giving right of way, and using checklists and situational awareness for safety. Exercises cover starting, moving off, braking, turning, stopping and contingency procedures.

Uploaded by

Anshul Sheoran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Taxying

The Flying Training Manual – Section 5


Objectives
To use the aircraft controls to:
• Manoeuvre the aircraft on the ground at a
speed appropriate for the conditions;
• Follow a selected path; and,
• Stop at a nominated point.
Considerations
• Speed Control
• Throttle
• Brakes
• Directional Control
• Control Positioning
Considerations

Rudder Pedals
• Rudder pedals on most light aircraft have a dual purpose
– to steer the nosewheel and braking.
Considerations

Brakes

• Press ‘top’ of pedal’ to action


• Stop by closing throttle and gently pressing toe brakes
evenly
• Differential braking
• Use of park brake
Considerations

Speed Control

• Throttle controls speed – forward to increase power, back to


decrease power
• Initial increase required to overcome inertia and start moving
• Reduce to setting that provides constant required speed
Considerations

Speed Control

• Taxi at a fast walking pace


• Anticipate the need to slow down
• Wind affects speed on ground – tailwind faster
• Do not use throttle ‘against’ brake
Considerations

Directional Control

• Nosewheel steering by rudder pedals – left pedal,


aeroplane turns left and vice versa
• Tendency for the aeroplane to want to ‘weathercock’
• Taxi looking at a point in the distance
Considerations Wind from the
Dive away fromleft,
theturn
wind
to the left & vice versa
Control Positioning

neutral
Considerations

Surface
• Power setting will vary based on taxi
surface
 Grass (long, short, wet, dry)
 Concrete, tar seal
 Gravel

• Slope
• Cross surface joins on an angle
 Be aware of prop clearance
Speed Control
Throttle
PA38
Speed Control
Throttle
C152

Increasing Power

Decreasing Power
Speed Control
Moving Off
• Initially more power is required to overcome
inertia to start moving
• Reduce the power to the minimum setting
that will provide the required constant speed
• Power required will vary based on the
surface
• Taxi at fast walking pace – 5 to 10 km/h
Speed Control
Surface
• Power setting will vary based on taxi surface
Grass (long, short, wet, dry),
Concrete, Tar Seal,
Gravel
• Cross surface joins on
an angle
Prop Clearance!!!!
• Slope
Speed Control

Brakes
• Press “Top” of the pedal to apply brakes.
• Apply even pressure to both pedals to
maintain a straight line.
• Turning can be assisted with “Differential”
braking.
• Park Brake – operation different on various
aircraft types.
Speed Control

Brakes
C152

Park Brake
• Hold toe brakes and
then pull knob
• Then release toe
brakes
• To release - push toe
brakes
Speed Control

Brakes
PA38

Park Brake
• Hold toe brakes, and
pull lever
• Then push knob to
engage
• To release – pull lever
and release
Speed Control
Slowing and Stopping
• Wind affects speed on
the ground
Tailwind = Faster
• Do not use throttle “against” brake
• Anticipate need to slow down
• Close the throttle and use the toe brakes to
come to a stop.
Directional Control
• Nose wheel steering is achieved by using
the rudder pedals:
Push on the right pedal,
the aeroplane turns right ,
and vice versa
• Look at a point in the distance
• Do not focus just ahead of the aeroplane
• Anticipate the need to turn
Directional Control
Control Positioning
• Consult the Aircraft Flight Manual.
• Wind will increase the lift on control
surfaces.
• The aircraft tends to act as a weather vane
(weathercocking).
Wind from the left = turn to the left
• Deflect the control surfaces that will be
affected by the wind, so that the wind cannot
“pick up” the wing and/or tail.
Control Positioning
Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
The Onus is on You
Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Landing vs Taxiing

The landing aircraft has Right of Way


The taxiing aircraft should Stop and Give Way
Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Head On

Each aircraft
turns to the
right
Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Converging
This aircraft has
Right of Way

Stop, or
Pass behind
Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Overtaking
This aircraft
has Right of
Way

Keep clear Position so of other the other


aircraft pilot can see you
Airmanship - Aerodrome Charts
(AIP New Zealand Vol 4)
Airmanship - Wind
Windsocks
Airmanship - Radio Communication

Matamata Tower this is ABC


ABC Matamata Tower
ABC Request Taxi, ## Minutes,
Area #, POB #, Information Z
QNH ####
ABC, Information Z Current,
Cross to Holding Point B
Cross To Holding Point B, ABC
Taxi to Holding Point A
Taxi To Holding Point A, ABC
Hold Position
Holding, ABC
Aircraft Management
• Adjust seat position for full rudder deflection,
your height and LOOKOUT
• Engine warm before moving off
• Brake check ASAP after first moving
• Carb heat ON only for checks or clearing ice
• Face into wind when stopped
Aircraft Management
• Taxi on the centreline
• Watch for wingtip clearance
• Remember – No reverse available
• Caution surface conditions
• Don’t use power verses brakes
Human Factors
• Clean windscreen and side windows
• Move head and body to avoid blind spots

• Information Processing
Checklists
Record ATIS and clearances
Situational awareness – Mental 3D picture
Ground Exercise – Engine Starting
• Seat adjusted correctly
• Comfortable
• Warm the engine before applying power to
overcome inertia
• Check the wind
• LOOKOUT
Ahead and wingtips
Ground Exercise – Moving Off
• LOOKOUT
• Close the throttle
• Release the park brake
• Apply sufficient power to overcome inertia
• Reduce the power
• Test the brakes
Ground Exercise – Brake Test
• ASAP after moving off
• Even pressure
• No need to come to a complete stop
• Test Student’s and Instructor’s brakes
Ground Exercise – Speed & Direction
• Anticipate the power required
• Maintain safe taxi speed – fast walking pace
• Maintain the centreline – Look well ahead
• Avoid using power against brake
Ground Exercise – Turning
• LOOKOUT
• Anticipate turning the aircraft
• Use rudder pedals to turn – heels on the
floor and toes on the pedals
• Use differential braking and power for tight
turns
Ground Exercise – Wind
Be aware of the relative wind direction and
move the controls accordingly
Ground Exercise – Stopping
• Anticipate the nominated stopping position
• Close the throttle
• Evenly apply the toe brakes
• When stopped – set the park brake
• Set the power at the nominated RPM
Ground Exercise – Considerations
• Shadows can be used to judge wingtip
clearance – use your peripheral vision
• Slipstream, jet blast, rotor wash!!!!!
Other aircraft?
Your aircraft?
• Check instruments – particularly in turns
Brake Failure
• Close throttle, and
• Steer away from obstacles
• If collision is imminent – FMIM
Fuel OFF,
Mixture OFF,
Ignition OFF, and
Master OFF
Steering Failure
• Close throttle, and
• STOP
• Shutdown
• If collision is imminent – FMIM

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