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Earth and Life Science

This document provides an overview of Earth Science, including the scope and methods used. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences: 1) Earth Science studies Earth systems and space, including astronomy, meteorology, geology, oceanography, and environmental science. 2) Scientists use the scientific method, which involves making observations and measurements, developing hypotheses, experimenting, and stating conclusions. 3) Scientific theories are explanations supported by evidence and experimentation, while scientific laws are proven rules describing natural phenomena.

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71 views37 pages

Earth and Life Science

This document provides an overview of Earth Science, including the scope and methods used. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences: 1) Earth Science studies Earth systems and space, including astronomy, meteorology, geology, oceanography, and environmental science. 2) Scientists use the scientific method, which involves making observations and measurements, developing hypotheses, experimenting, and stating conclusions. 3) Scientific theories are explanations supported by evidence and experimentation, while scientific laws are proven rules describing natural phenomena.

Uploaded by

baby
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A presentation for senior

highschool
Welcome to Earth
Science!
Chapter 1: The Nature of
Science

BIG Idea: Earth Scientists use


specific methods to investigate
Earth and beyond.
I. What is Earth Science?
 the study of the Earth and the universe
around it…

 the study of Earth systems and systems in


space; including weather and climate
systems, and the study of nonliving things
such as rocks, oceans, and planets.
A. The Scope of Earth Science:
1. Astronomy: the study of objects
beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

 Theoldest branch of
Earth Science.
2. Meteorology: the study of
Earth’s atmosphere.
 Weather Forecasters

 Tornado Chasers
3. Geology: the study of the origin,
history, and structure of Earth.
4. Oceanography: the study of the
life and properties of Earth’s
oceans.

 JACQUES COUSTEAU
How much
of our Earth
is covered
by OCEAN
water?
almost three-fourths!
5. Environmental Science: the
study of the interactions of
organisms and their surroundings.
B. Earth’s Systems
1. Geosphere: the area from the
surface of Earth down to its
center.
 Three main parts:
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Core
 Inner core
 Outer core
2. Atmosphere: the blanket of gases
that surrounds our planet.
3. Hydrosphere: all the water on
Earth.
4. Biosphere: all organisms on Earth
and the environments in which
they live.
II. Methods
Scientific of Scientists
Methods: seriesof
organized problem-solving
procedures that help scientists
conduct experiments.

Thereare five (5) steps to the


SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
1. State the Problem, or…Ask a
Question?
 Observation:
use of senses to gather information
about the world.
2. Gather Information
 To investigate a problem, one must gather
information…

 Measurement: comparing some aspect of


an object with a standard unit.

• inches, feet, miles ounces, pounds, tons


3. Form a Hypothesis
 Hypothesis:
a possible solution to a problem
(an educated guess)
4. Test the Hypothesis
Experimentation:
procedure carried
out to prove or
disprove a
hypothesis.
(a) Independent Variable: variable
that you, the experimenter, changes
(b) Dependent Variable: variable that
is affected by changes in the
independent variable; factor being
measured (depends on the
independent variable)
(c) Constants – things that never
change during the experiment
Scientific Method Scenario:

David read that Fox break pads and Best Break pads were the best on the
market. He always used NAPA pads and believed they performed the best. He
decided to test all three pads and determine which was the best. David used
the same car for each set of pads. He drove 25 mph and applied the breaks at
the same point on the track. David then measured how many feet the car took
to stop after the breaks were applied.

1. The hypothesis was: ____________________________________

2. The effects of the ________________(independent variable)


on the __________________________________ (dependent variable).

3. List three constants:


•______________________________________
•______________________________________
•______________________________________
5. State a Conclusion
After many experiments and
observations, the hypothesis is either
proved or disproved…
Scientific FACT:

- a controlled, repeatable and rigorously verified


observation
Scientific THEORY:

- an explanation based on many observations during


repeated investigations
- the best available explanation of a phenomenon
- a hypothesis that is supported by the experiments
- may change with the discovery of new data
Scientific LAW:

- a theory that is proven every time it is tested


- describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon
- a ‘rule of nature’
- cause of the law may not be known
- describes things; does not explain them
- accepted based on observations or experiments
"Scientific laws are the evidence
used to support a
conclusion. Scientific theories are
our best attempts at explaining the
behavior of the world, in ways that
can be tested by further
experiment. The facts (the
scientific laws) must convince us
that our theory is a good
explanation for what happened."
Meteorite Impact Theory
Explains the extinction of the
dinosaurs
Meteorite hit the earth 65
million years ago
The impact created so much
dust it blocked out the sun
No sun, no plants…almost
everything died
Proof:

Computer models
Deformed quartz
Iridium around the impact
site
III. Communication in Science

 labreports
 graphs
 models

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