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Wernicke's & Broca's Aphasia

This document discusses different types of aphasia caused by damage to specific brain areas involved in language processing and production. Broca's area in the frontal lobe is involved in speech production, while Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe is involved in speech comprehension. Damage to Broca's area results in non-fluent speech (Broca's aphasia), while damage to Wernicke's area results in fluent but meaningless speech (Wernicke's aphasia). Damage to the arcuate fasciculus, which connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas, results in conduction aphasia with fluent but error-filled speech and impaired repetition.

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Ziyan Bilqis
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60 views15 pages

Wernicke's & Broca's Aphasia

This document discusses different types of aphasia caused by damage to specific brain areas involved in language processing and production. Broca's area in the frontal lobe is involved in speech production, while Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe is involved in speech comprehension. Damage to Broca's area results in non-fluent speech (Broca's aphasia), while damage to Wernicke's area results in fluent but meaningless speech (Wernicke's aphasia). Damage to the arcuate fasciculus, which connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas, results in conduction aphasia with fluent but error-filled speech and impaired repetition.

Uploaded by

Ziyan Bilqis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wernicke’s & Broca’s Aphasia

Broca’s
Area

Posterior Speech Areas


Including Wernicke’s
Area
Cortical Regions
Although we have seen large scale brain
structures (e.g. lobes), Damasio refers to
cortical regions by number in the reading.

Pink: Frontal
Blue: Parietal
Green: Temporal
Yellow: Occipital
Brodmann Areas
Distinct brain areas identified in terms of anatomical structure

•So e.g. Broca’s area is


sometimes defined
as consisting of 44,45;
much of the literature
uses these numbers
because of their precise
definitions.
Traditional Distinction
From a traditional point of view:
• Broca’s: Non-fluent
speech; function
words and morphemes
omitted;
comprehension ok.
• Wernicke’s: Fluent
speech, but filled with
non-sense or filler
words; comprehension
impaired.
Aphasias
• Broca’s aphasia.
Spontaneous speech
effortful, closed-class
words omitted, verbal
comprehension of
simple sentences is
good, repetition ability
limited. Frequently
accompanied by right-
side paralysis.
Awareness of deficit.
Aphasias
• Wernicke’s aphasia.
Fluent speech but with
many non-words.
Verbal comprehension,
naming, repetition
impaired. Often
accompanied by
blindness in right visual
field. Lack of
awareness of deficit.
Areas and Connections
Arcuate Fascisculus

Wernicke

Broca
THE ARCUATE FASCICULUS

White Matter Tract that connects


Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s
Area

Damage: Conduction Aphasia


1. Language Comprehension:
intact
In 97% of people, both 2. Fluent speech with some
Broca's Area and paraphasic errors
Wernicke's Area only on 3. Inability to repeat words
left hemisphere.
Vernooij, et al. Neuroimage, Vol 35(3) 15 April
2007, pp 1064-1076
Causes
• Stroke

• Head injury

• Tumors

• Degenerative conditions (e.g.


Alzheimer’s)
Types

• Broca’s (more later)

• Wernicke’s: Damage to posterior area

• Conduction: Arcuate + cortex above

• Global: Entire set of language areas


Wernicke’s
Speech: Fluent and well-articulated; but
contains many non-words, or filler words

Comprehension: Poor

Basic Idea: Damage to areas in which


words are stored, or in which the phono-
logical forms of words are associated
with meanings.
Conduction Aphasia
Lesion: Affects areas connecting Wernicke’s
and Broca’s areas

Supramarginal
gyrus

Also arcuate,
which is underneath
Conduction Continued
Speech: Relatively unimpaired; but many
speech errors, or non-words are used. Also
defective naming ability.

Comprehension: Also good, unlike


Wernicke’s, but repetition is not possible
Idea: Network that builds meaningful units
out of speech sounds is disabled.
Global Aphasia

Lesion: Covers entire system of language


areas in the dominant hemisphere

Abilities: Almost total inability to produce or


comprehend speech.

Idea: Combines features of Broca’s and


Wernicke’s aphasias
Summary
•Very specific linguistic effects for lesions
in certain areas.

•Primary role of Broca’s and Wernicke’s


areas for language, along with the areas
and fibers connecting them

•Remaing questions: how the specifics of


a deficit as complicated as e.g. Broca’s
aphasia are studied

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