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Limiting Reactants & %yield

1) A document discusses limiting reactants and percent yield when performing chemical reactions. 2) Limiting reactants are the first reactants to be used up in a reaction and determine the amount of product that can be formed. Excess reactants remain after the reaction is complete. 3) Percent yield is calculated by taking the actual yield divided by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100. It measures the percentage of theoretical possible product that is actually obtained.

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439 views21 pages

Limiting Reactants & %yield

1) A document discusses limiting reactants and percent yield when performing chemical reactions. 2) Limiting reactants are the first reactants to be used up in a reaction and determine the amount of product that can be formed. Excess reactants remain after the reaction is complete. 3) Percent yield is calculated by taking the actual yield divided by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100. It measures the percentage of theoretical possible product that is actually obtained.

Uploaded by

vicious
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Limiting Reactants

and Percent Yield


A. Limiting Reactants
 Available Ingredients
 4 slices of bread
 1 jar of peanut butter
 1/2 jar of jelly

 Limiting Reactant
 bread

 Excess Reactants
 peanut butter and jelly
A. Limiting Reactants
 Limiting Reactant
 used up in a reaction
 determines the amount of product

 Excess Reactant
 added to ensure that the other reactant is
completely used up
 cheaper & easier to recycle
A. Limiting Reactants
1. Write a balanced equation.
2. For each reactant, calculate the
amount of product formed.
3. Smaller answer indicates:
 limiting reactant
 amount of product
Limiting Reactant Steps (version 2)
1 Step one
o Write and balance the equation for the reaction.
2 Step two
o Convert known masses to grams of product.
4 Step three
o Determine limiting reactant and amount that can
be made.
5 Step four
o Determine the grams of excess from limiting
reactant.
Sample Problem:
Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2, a refrigerant, is prepared
from the reaction of CCl4 and HF.

CCl4 + 2 HF  CCl2F2 + 2 HCl


What will happen when 3.00g of CCl4 reacts with 3.00g of HF?

a. Which is the limiting reagent?


b. How much of the excess reagent remains
unreacted?
c. How many grams of CCl2F2 was produced?
A. Limiting Reactants
 79.1 g of zinc react with 0.90 L of 2.5M HCl.
Identify the limiting and excess reactants.
How many liters of hydrogen are formed at
STP?

Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

79.1 g 0.90 L ?L
2.5M
A. Limiting Reactants
Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
79.1 g 0.90 L ?L
2.5M

79.1 1 mol 1 mol 22.4 L


g Zn Zn H2 H2
= 27.1 L
65.39 1 mol 1 mol H2
g Zn Zn H2
A. Limiting Reactants
Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
79.1 g 0.90 L ?L
2.5M

0.90 2.5 mol 1 mol 22.4


L HCl H2 L H2
= 25 L
1L 2 mol 1 mol H2
HCl H2
A. Limiting Reactants

Zn: 27.1 L H2 HCl: 25 L H2

Limiting reactant: HCl


Excess reactant: Zn
Product Formed: 25 L H2

left over zinc


Limiting Reagent or Reactant 2
(problem #2)
 How many grams of ammonia will be produced when
20.0 grams of potassium hydroxide react with 15.0
grams of ammonium sulfate?
 Step 1
 2KOH + (NH4)2SO4  K2SO4 +2NH3 +2H2O
Step 2
20.0 g KOH 1 mole KOH 2 mole NH3
  
1 56.10564 g KOH 2 moles KOH
17.03052 grams NH3
  6.07 grams NH3
1 moles NH3

15.0 g (NH 4 )2 SO4 1 mole (NH 4 )2 SO4 2 moles NH3


  
1 132.14052 g (NH 4 )2 SO4 1 mole (NH 4 )2 SO4
17.03052 grams NH3
  3.87 grams NH3
1 moles NH3
(NH4)2SO4 is the limiting reagent because it will make
the least amount of product. It is the reactant that will run
out first.
Step3
 3.87 grams NH3 will be produced.
Limiting Reagent or Reactant 2

Step 4
15.0 g (NH 4 )2 SO4 1 mole (NH 4 )2 SO4 2 mole KOH
  
1 132.14052 g (NH 4 )2 SO4 1 moles (NH 4 )2 SO4
56.10564 grams KOH
  12.73772 grams KOH will be used.
1 mole KOH

There was 20.00 grams originally and 12.73772 grams was


used so therefore 7.26 grams of KOH will be left over.
Wood alcohol, methanol ( CH3OH), is used in the
preparation of many chemicals. Methanol is produced
from the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen
gas at high temperature and pressure.

CO + 2 H2  CH3OH
If 10.0g of CO reacts with 8.00 g of H2,
a. What is the limiting reagent?
b. How much of the excess reagent remains
unreacted?
c. How many grams of methanol was
produced?
Percent Yield

 The percent yield is the percentage of a


certain product actually produced in a
chemical reaction.
 The theoretical yield is predicted by a
stoichiometry problem.
 The actual yield is the amount actually
produced in an experiment.
B. Percent Yield
measured in lab

actual yield
% yield   100
theoretical yield

calculated on paper
 A copper ore contains 2.3% copper.

 a. what is the theoretical yield of copper


from 1.00 Kg of this ore?
 b. what is the percent yield of copper if 19 g
was actually obtained?
B. Percent Yield
 When 45.8 g of K2CO3 react with
excess HCl, 46.3 g of KCl are formed.
Calculate the theoretical and % yields
of KCl.

K2CO3 + 2HCl  2KCl + H2O + CO2


45.8 g ?g

actual: 46.3 g
B. Percent Yield
K2CO3 + 2HCl  2KCl + H2O + CO2
45.8 g ?g
actual: 46.3 g
Theoretical Yield:
45.8 g 1 mol 2 mol 74.55
K2CO3 K2CO3 KCl g KCl
= 49.4
138.21 g 1 mol 1 mol
g KCl
K2CO3 K2CO3 KCl
B. Percent Yield
K2CO3 + 2HCl  2KCl + H2O + CO2
45.8 g 49.4 g
actual: 46.3 g

Theoretical Yield = 49.4 g KCl

46.3 g
% Yield =  100 = 93.7%
49.4 g
Percent Yield
 The reaction between SO2 and oxygen yields
SO3.. Calculate the percent yield of SO3 if 40.0
grams of SO3is formed, when 32 grams of SO2
react with an excess of oxygen.
 SO2 + O2  SO3
 2SO2 + O2  2SO3
32 grams SO2 1mole SO2 2 mole SO3 80.0642 g SO3
   
1 64.0648 g SO2 2 mole SO2 1mole SO3

 39.9916085 g SO3
40. g SO3
 100  100.02% SO3
39.9916085 g SO3

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