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Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

The document provides examples and explanations for finding derivatives of trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant. It defines the derivatives as the cosine for sine, the negative sine for cosine, the secant squared for tangent, the negative cosecant squared for cotangent, the secant times tangent for secant, and the negative cosecant times cotangent for cosecant. Examples are given for finding derivatives of trigonometric expressions and functions with horizontal tangents.

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Sanjay Kannan
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579 views16 pages

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

The document provides examples and explanations for finding derivatives of trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant. It defines the derivatives as the cosine for sine, the negative sine for cosine, the secant squared for tangent, the negative cosecant squared for cotangent, the secant times tangent for secant, and the negative cosecant times cotangent for cosecant. Examples are given for finding derivatives of trigonometric expressions and functions with horizontal tangents.

Uploaded by

Sanjay Kannan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

Derivatives of
Trigonometric Functions
Quick Review
1. Convert 135 degrees to radian. 3  2.356
4
2. Convert 1.7 radian to degrees. 97.403o
3
3. Find the exact value of sin    without a calculator.
3 2
4. State the domain and range of the cosine function.
Domain : all reals range :  1, 1
5. State the domain and range of the tangent function.
k
Domain : x  k odd number 
2
range : all reals
Quick Review
6. If sin a = – 1, what is cos a? 0

7. If tan a = – 1, what are two possible values of sin a? 2



2
1  cos h sin 2
h
8. Verify the identity  .
h h1  cos h 

9. Find an equation of the line tangent to the curve y  2 x3  7 x 2  10


at the point (3, 1). y  12 x  35

10.A particle moves along a line with velocity v  2t 3  7t 2  10


for time t > 0. Find the acceleration of the particle at t = 3.
12
What you’ll learn about
 Derivative of the Sine Function
 Derivative of the Cosine Function
 Simple Harmonic Motion
 Jerk
 Derivatives of Other Basic Trigonometric
Functions

Essential Questions
What are the derivatives of sines and cosines, and
how do they play a key role in describing
periodic change?
Finding the Derivative of the Sine Function
1. Use the definition of derivative to find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
sin x  h   sin x
lim
h 0 h
sin x cos h  cos x sin h  sin x
lim
h 0 h
sin xcos h  1 cos x sin h lim
sin x
1
lim  lim x 0 x
h 0 h h 0 h
lim sin x
cos h  1
 lim cos x
sin h lim
cos x  1
0
x 0 x
h 0 h h 0 h
0  cos x  cos x
Derivative of the Sine Function
The derivative of the sine is the cosine.
d
sin x  cos x
dx

Derivative of the Cosine Function


The derivative of the cosine is the negative of the sine.
d
cos x   sin x
dx
Using the Derivative of Sine and Cosine
3. Find the derivative of each:
a) y  x sin x
2

y  x  cos x  sin x 2 x 
2


y  x cos x  2 x sin x
2

cos x
b) u 
1  sin x
1  sin x  sin x   cos x  cos x 
u 
1  sin x 
2

 sin x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x 1  sin x


 
1  sin x 2
1  sin x 
2
1

1  sin x
Simple Harmonic Motion
The motion of a weight bobbing up and down on the end of
a string is an example of simple harmonic motion.

Example Simple Harmonic Motion


4. A weight hanging from a spring is stretched 5 units beyond its rest
position (s = 0) and released at time t = 0 to bob up and down. Its
position at any later time t is
s  5 cos t
What are its velocity and acceleration at time t?
vt   5 sin t s  5  sin t  cos t 0 
at   5 cos t
Jerk
Jerk is the derivative of acceleration. If a body's position at
time t is
da d 3 s
j t    3.
dt dt
5. Find the jerk caused by the constant acceleration of gravity
(g = – 32 ft/sec 2)
j t   0
6. Find the jerk of the simple harmonic motion of the previous
example s = 5 cos t.
vt   5 sin t
at   5 cos t
j t   5 sin t
Finding the Derivative of the Tan Function
7. Use the derivative of sin and cos to find the derivative of f (x) = tan x.

f x   tan x 
sin x
cos x
cos x  cos x  sin x  sin x 
f x   2
cos x
cos x  sin x
2 2
1
 2
 2  sec x 2
cos x cos x
Derivative of the Other Basic Trig Functions
d
tan x  sec 2 x
dx
d
cot x   csc 2 x
dx
d
sec x  sec x tan x
dx
d
csc x   csc x cot x
dx
Example Derivative of the Other
Basic Trigonometric Functions
dy cot x
8. Find for y  .
dx 1  cot x
  
dy 1  cot x   csc x  cot x  csc 2 x

2

dx 1  cot x  2

 csc 2 x  cot x csc 2 x  cot x csc 2 x



1  cot x 2

 csc x2

1  cot x 2
Example Finding Horizontal Tangents of
Trigonometric Functions
9. Show that the graphs of y = sec x and y = cos x have horizontal
tangents at x = 0.
y  sec x y  cos x
y  sec x tan x  0 y   sin x  0
sec x  0 tan x  0 sin x  0
x0 x0
Example Derivative of Trig Functions
10. Find y if y  sec x.
y  sec x tan x
y  sec x sec x  tan x sec x tan x
2

 sec x  tan x sec x


3 2
Example Derivative of Trig Functions
11. Find y if y   cos  .
y    sin    cos  1
  sin   cos 
y   cos   sin   1  sin 
  cos   2 sin 
Pg. 146, 3.5 #2-48 even

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