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Remainder Theorem

The remainder theorem states that the remainder of dividing a polynomial p(x) by x-c is equal to p(c). The factor theorem states that if p(c) = 0, then x-c is a factor of p(x). For example, to find the remainder of p(x) = 2x^3 - 7x^2 - 5x + 4 when divided by x-4, we evaluate p(4) which is equal to 0, so the remainder is 0. To determine if x-4 is a factor of p(x), we evaluate p(4) which equals 0, so x-4 is a factor of p(x).

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244 views

Remainder Theorem

The remainder theorem states that the remainder of dividing a polynomial p(x) by x-c is equal to p(c). The factor theorem states that if p(c) = 0, then x-c is a factor of p(x). For example, to find the remainder of p(x) = 2x^3 - 7x^2 - 5x + 4 when divided by x-4, we evaluate p(4) which is equal to 0, so the remainder is 0. To determine if x-4 is a factor of p(x), we evaluate p(4) which equals 0, so x-4 is a factor of p(x).

Uploaded by

Lairepmi Emjane
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REMAINDER THEOREM

• The theorem states that if a polynomial function


p(x) is divided by x-c, then the remainder is
equal to p(c), where p(x) is simply evaluated for
x=c. when we say evaluated we are to substitute
the given value to the function or expression. So
since we are evaluating p(x) for x=c we simply
find p( c ).
For example:
• P(x)=2x3 -7x2 -5x+4 ; x-4 in here we are to determine the remainder of
the given p(x) divided by the divisor. Our p(x) will be 2x3 -7x2 -5x+4
and our divisor will be x-4.
• Going back to our definition, our divisor is in the form of x-c, and by
that we have to equate it to the given divisor which is x-4 and we will
have:
x-c=x-4
Using the addition property of equality, we add –x to both side of the
equation. It will give us
x+(-x)-c=x-4+(-x)
• x-x=0 so we will have –c= -4 and then we will divide both side by -1 to
remove the negative sign in (c ).
We will have now c=4

• So our c=4 ,we can now evaluate the given function having p(4).
P(4)=2(4)3 -7(4)2 -5(4) +4
=128-112-20+4
=132-132
=0
• Thus , the remainder of 2x3 -7x2 -5x+4 divided by x-4 is 0.
Who can try this one on the board?
1. P(x)= 2𝑥 3 -7𝑥 2 +3x+4 ; x-1
2. P(x)= 5𝑥 2 − 2x+1 ; x+2
• REMAINDER THEOREM is use to find the remainder of
a given polynomial that is divided by a binomial
without using the long division and synthetic method.
It is simply by evaluating and equating our p(x) and
our divisor.
Get 1 whole sheet of paper and answer the
following:
• Find the remainder of the given polynomial divided by each binomial.
1. P(x) = 𝟒𝒙𝟒 -𝟑𝒙𝟑 -𝒙𝟐 +2x+1
a. x-3 b. x+2 c. x+4
2. P(x)=𝟐𝒙𝟒 -𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 +17x+7
a. x-2 b. x+3 c. x-4
3. P(x)=𝟖𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 +3x+27
a. x-1 b. x+1 c. x-2
FACTOR THEOREM
• The theorem states that if p( c )= 0 then x-c is a factor of p(x).
Conversely, if x-c is a factor of p(x), then p( c )= 0.
Example:
• P(x)= 2x3 -7x2 -5x+4
a.x+1 b. x-4 c. x-2 d. x-3
• Here, we are going to determine which of the following
binomials are factors of a given equation are. Let’s use the
x+1 for the given equation.
2x3 -7x2 -5x+4; x+1
Solution: x-c = x+1
c=-1
p(-1) =2(-1)3 -7(-1)2 -5(-1)+4
=-2-7+5+4
=0
Since p(-1) = 0 therefore x+1 is a factor of p(x).
Let’s have the example b. (x-4)
x-c=x-4
c=4
Solution:
2x3 -7x2 -5x+4
P(4)= 2(4)3 -7(4)2 -5(4)+4
=128-112-20+4
=0
• Since p(4)= 0, therefore x-4 is a factor of p(x).
• Who can find if letter c and d is a factor of our given
polynomial?

Again, factor theorem is use to determine that the given


binomial/divisor is a factor of polynomial p(x).
Determine if a given binomial/ divisor is a
factor of p(x)
1. P(x) =𝑥 3 -4𝑥 2 -2x+5
a. x+2 b. x+4 c. x-4 d. x-1

2. P(x)= 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 -𝑥 2 +7x-24
a. x-2 b. x+3 c. x-4 d. x+1

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