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Gender

The document discusses gender equality and the social construction of gender roles. It states that while biological sex refers to physical differences, gender describes the socially constructed roles, rights, and responsibilities assigned to men and women in a society. It argues that gender is fluid and varies across cultures, so gender inequalities are not natural but are determined by the systems and cultures people live in, meaning these roles can be challenged and changed.

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65 views17 pages

Gender

The document discusses gender equality and the social construction of gender roles. It states that while biological sex refers to physical differences, gender describes the socially constructed roles, rights, and responsibilities assigned to men and women in a society. It argues that gender is fluid and varies across cultures, so gender inequalities are not natural but are determined by the systems and cultures people live in, meaning these roles can be challenged and changed.

Uploaded by

adithya_199
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gender equality

While ‘sex’ refers to the biological differences between males


and females, gender describes the socially-constructed roles,
rights and responsibilities that communities and societies
consider appropriate for men and women. We are born as
males and females, but becoming girls, boys, women and men
is something that we learn from our families and societies.

This set of assumptions, which we construct out of the


biological differences between men and women, is what creates
gender identities and in turn gender-based discrimination.

Being a social construction, gender is a very fluid concept. It


changes not only over time, but also from one culture to
another and among different groups within one culture.
Therefore, gender roles, inequities and power imbalances are
not a ‘natural’ result of  biological differences, but are
determined by the systems and cultures in which we live. This
means that we can address and contribute to changing these
roles by challenging the status quo and seeking social change.
Gender-based discrimination takes on
many different forms, some aspects
include:
Human rights

Despite international laws guaranteeing


women equal rights with men, women
around the world are denied their rights to
land and property, financial resources,
employment and education, amongst others.
In many cultures, women and girls are
subject to female genital mutilation / cutting,
and are harmed and even killed in the name
of tradition. And for women in all countries,
gender-based violence constitutes perhaps
the most common and serious violation of
human rights
Work

Both women and men play important roles in productive work


throughout the world, providing for themselves and their
families. But women’s roles are often invisible, as they tend to be
more informal in nature, such as self-employment and
subsistence production. Even when women and men do perform
the same tasks for pay, women are often paid less and receive
lower benefits from their work than men in developed as well as
developing countries.

Men hold the majority of positions of power and decision-making


in the public sphere, with the result that decisions and policies
tend to the reflect the needs and preferences of men, not
women. In addition, women’s larger share of reproductive work,
often known as the unpaid care economy, is undervalued as well
as statistically invisible. In other words, women throughout the
world work longer hours for less rewards than men.
Assets
The world’s resources are very unevenly
distributed, not only between countries, but also
between men and women within countries. While it
is estimated that women perform two-thirds of the
world’s work, they only earn one tenth of the
income, and own less than one per cent of the
world’s property.

In many cases, women’s rights and access to land,


credit and education, for instance, are limited not
only due to legal discrimination, but because more
subtle barriers (such as their work load, mobility
and low bargaining position at household and
community level) prevent them from taking
advantage of their legal rights.
So how is the situation when it comes to equality
between women and men ?????
The employment rate of women increases but remains
lower than men's, although women represent a
majority of students and university graduates
Women continue to earn on average 17.4%
less than men for every hour worked and
this figure remains stable.
Women are still very under-represented in
economic and political decision-making
positions, although their share has increased
over the last decade.
The division of family responsibilities is still very
unequal between women and men.
The risk of poverty is higher for women than for
men
Women are the main victims of gender-based
violence and women and girls are more
vulnerable to trafficking of human beings. 

GENDER
EQUALIT Y
FOR BOTH
SEXES
Socially constructed roles too often thwart the potential of girls and
women.  Discrimination denies them health care and education. It
hides information that they can use to protect themselves from
HIV/AIDS. Discrimination robs girls and women of the the power to
make decisions, to earn a living and to be free from violence, abuse
and exploitation. Often it deprives them of any legal protection.
 
ROLE OF UNICEF
UNICEF is committed to leveling the playing field
for girls and women by ensuring that all children
have equal opportunity to develop their talents. We
work to ensure that all babies receive the best start
to life through gender-sensitive, integrated early
childhood care. We work so that all children are
afforded quality education, one that prepares them
for a productive life.
 
By recognizing and addressing discrimination against
girls and women, success in the fight against all forms
of discrimination -- class, race, ethnicity and age -- will
become more likely, and more lasting. We have learned
that entire societies develop when girls and women are
enabled to be fully contributing community members.
 
h e r f o r
k to g e t
ts w o r y … .
le e q ua l i t CE F

gen d e r .. . . UN I

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