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MSN307-4-Bravais Lattices and Crystal Systems

This document discusses crystal symmetry, specifically the fourteen Bravais lattices and thirty-two point groups in three-dimensional space. It explains that in 3D, there are additional symmetry elements like centers of symmetry, mirror planes, and screw axes compared to 2D. These elements combine to form 230 space groups distributed among the fourteen Bravais lattices. The Bravais lattices act as the building blocks of crystals, and determine the external shape and symmetry of crystals based on their unit cell shapes and symmetries. It provides an example of the point group symmetry of a cubic unit cell which contains nine mirror planes and axes of symmetry.

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Filiz Kocayazgan Shanableh
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62 views5 pages

MSN307-4-Bravais Lattices and Crystal Systems

This document discusses crystal symmetry, specifically the fourteen Bravais lattices and thirty-two point groups in three-dimensional space. It explains that in 3D, there are additional symmetry elements like centers of symmetry, mirror planes, and screw axes compared to 2D. These elements combine to form 230 space groups distributed among the fourteen Bravais lattices. The Bravais lattices act as the building blocks of crystals, and determine the external shape and symmetry of crystals based on their unit cell shapes and symmetries. It provides an example of the point group symmetry of a cubic unit cell which contains nine mirror planes and axes of symmetry.

Uploaded by

Filiz Kocayazgan Shanableh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRYSTAL SYMMETRY: POINT GROUPS,

SPACE GROUPS, SYMMETRY-RELATED


PROPERTIES

All information adopted from The Basics of Crystallography


and Diffraction by Christopher Hammond-3rd ed.
The fourteen space (Bravais) lattices
The symmetr y of the fourteen Bravais lattices:
Cr ystal systems

• In three dimensions there are additional symmetry elements that need to be considered: both point
symmetry elements to describe the symmetry of the three-dimensional motif (or indeed any
crystal or three-dimensional object) and also translational symmetry elements, which are
required (like glide lines in the two-dimensional case) to describe all the possible patterns which arise
by combining motifs of different symmetries with their appropriate lattices.

• The additional point symmetry elements required are centres of symmetry, mirror planes (instead of
lines) and inversion axes; the additional translational symmetry elements are glide planes (instead of
lines) and screw axes. The application and permutation of all symmetry elements to patterns in space
give rise to 230 space groups (instead of seventeen plane groups) distributed among fourteen space
lattices (instead of five plane lattices) and thirty-two point group symmetries (instead of ten plane
point group symmetries).
The symmetr y of the fourteen Bravais lattices:
Cr ystal systems

• The unit cells of the Bravais lattices may be thought of as the ‘building blocks’of crystals
• The habit or external shape, or the observed symmetry of crystals, will be based upon the shapes and
symmetry of the Bravais lattices,
• The point symmetry of the unit cells of the Bravais lattices;
First, mirror lines of symmetry become mirror planes in three dimensions.
Second, axes of symmetry (diads, triads, tetrads and hexads) also apply to three dimensions.
A cubic unit cell ((a)) contains a total of nine mirror planes,
• three parallel to the cube faces and
• six parallel to the face diagonals.
There are
• three tetrad (four-fold) axes perpendicular to the three
sets of cube faces,
• four triad (three-fold) axes running between opposite cube
corners, and
This ‘collection’ of symmetry elements is called the point • six diad (two-fold) axes running between the centres of
group symmetry of the cube because all the elements opposite edges.
—planes and axes—pass through a point in the centre.
The symmetr y of the fourteen Bravais lattices:
Cr ystal systems

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