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MATHEMATICAL-SYSTEM Grade 8

1. A mathematical system consists of undefined terms, definitions, postulates, and theorems. Undefined terms are basic concepts that are not defined in terms of other concepts. Definitions precisely state how terms are classified. Postulates are basic assumptions considered to be true without proof. Theorems are statements that can be logically proven from definitions and postulates. 2. This document provides examples of undefined terms, definitions, postulates, and theorems related to geometry. It defines terms like distance, midpoint, and line segment. It lists seven postulates about points, lines, and planes. It presents Theorem 1.1 stating that the midpoint of a line segment is unique.

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Daniel Robert Buccat
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21K views12 pages

MATHEMATICAL-SYSTEM Grade 8

1. A mathematical system consists of undefined terms, definitions, postulates, and theorems. Undefined terms are basic concepts that are not defined in terms of other concepts. Definitions precisely state how terms are classified. Postulates are basic assumptions considered to be true without proof. Theorems are statements that can be logically proven from definitions and postulates. 2. This document provides examples of undefined terms, definitions, postulates, and theorems related to geometry. It defines terms like distance, midpoint, and line segment. It lists seven postulates about points, lines, and planes. It presents Theorem 1.1 stating that the midpoint of a line segment is unique.

Uploaded by

Daniel Robert Buccat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Systems

The four parts of a mathematical system are:

1. “Undefined” terms - Terms such as point,


line, and plane are classified as undefined
because they do not fit into any set or category
that has been previously determined.
2. Definitions ( defined terms )
The four characteristics of a good definition are:
a. It names the term being defined;
b. It places the term into a set or category;
c. It distinguishes itself from other terms in that category
( without providing unnecessary facts)
d. It is reversible.**
- If a triangle is isosceles, then it has two congruent sides.
- If a triangle has two congruent sides, then it is
issoceles.
•
•
DEFINITIONS:
Vocabulary

1. DISTANCE
The distance of AB is AB.
The distance between two points is the length of a straight line
segment that links them.
2. MIDPOINT
M is the midpoint of AB if M is on AB and
AM = MB
• A point on a line segment that divides it into two equal parts.
The halfway point of a line segment
The midpoint M bisects the line
• segment, AB
Principles
3. Postulates ( axioms, conjectures )
Postulate – a statement that is assumed to be
true.
4. Theorems
Theorem – a statement that follows logically from
previous definitions and principles; a statement
that can be proved to be true.
• Corollary – a theorem that follows from
another theorem as a “by-product”; a
theorem that is easily proved as the
consequence of another theorem.
• Lemma – a theorem that is introduced and
proved so that a later theorem can be proved
(“helping theorem”).
POSTULATES AND THEOEREMS
Postulate 1: Through any two points, there is
exactly one line.
Postulate 2: The measure of any line segment is a
unique positive number. The measure (or length)
of AB is a positive number, AB.
Postulate 3: If X is a point of AB and A-X-B (X is
between A and B), then AX + XB = AB
Postulate 4: If two lines intersect, then they
intersect in exactly one point
Postulate 5: Through any three noncollinear
points, there is exactly one plane.
Postulate 6: If two planes intersect, then their
intersection is a line.+
Postulate 7: If two points lie in a plane, then the
line joining them lies in that plane.
Theorem 1.1: The midpoint of a line segment is
unique.

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