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Circular Motion1

Circular motion involves motion along a circular path. It can be uniform, with constant speed, or non-uniform with changing speed. Examples include planetary motion, electron orbitals, vehicles in roundabouts, and pendulums. Circular motion is periodic, repeating after a fixed time period. For an object to move in a circular path, it must accelerate toward the center due to centripetal acceleration. Centripetal force, directed toward the center, provides the required centripetal acceleration according to Newton's Second Law. Examples of forces providing centripetal force include gravity, friction, tension, and the normal force.

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44 views12 pages

Circular Motion1

Circular motion involves motion along a circular path. It can be uniform, with constant speed, or non-uniform with changing speed. Examples include planetary motion, electron orbitals, vehicles in roundabouts, and pendulums. Circular motion is periodic, repeating after a fixed time period. For an object to move in a circular path, it must accelerate toward the center due to centripetal acceleration. Centripetal force, directed toward the center, provides the required centripetal acceleration according to Newton's Second Law. Examples of forces providing centripetal force include gravity, friction, tension, and the normal force.

Uploaded by

ahmad fatoni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circular Motion

What is a circular motion ?

• Motion along a circular path / arc.

Uniform Circular Motion


• Circular motion with constant speed.
Non-uniform Circular Motion
• Circular motion with changing speed
Circular Motion … Examples

– Earth moving around the Sun


– Electron moving around a proton in a
hydrogen atom.
– Moving car in a roundabout.
– Simple pendulum.
Circular Motion … Periodic Motion

Periodic Motion :
Motion that repeat itself after a fixed time.

Period : Time of one “cycle”.

distance = rate  time


distance 2r
time = 
rate v
2r
T=
v
Is the ball accelerating ?
When the string breaks . . .
The string breaks
at this position

The object then moves


along a straight line.

Without tension the object


moves in a straight line.
Tension changes the
direction of the object.
Circular Motion … Accelerating Motion

• Object moves along a circular path.


• The direction of velocity is changing.
• Changing velocity implies that the object accelerates.
Centripetal Acceleration

Magnitude :

2
v
a  r
2

r
Direction : Towards the centre

Q: Is the acceleration a constant?


Centripetal Acceleration . . . Proof

s
v  v

s vt
  
r r
r
t 
v
dv v v 2
a  
dt t r
Centripetal Acceleration . . . Proof

s

180  
φ
2
180  
lim φ  lim  90
Δθ 0 Δθ 0 2


Centripetal Force
• When an object moves in a circle, it must accelerates.
• The acceleration directs toward the centre of the circle.
• According to Newton’s 2nd law, there has to be a force
to produce such acceleration
• This force must point toward the centre of the circle
(Centripetal Force)

F  ma
2
mv
F Centripetal Force
r
Origin of Centripetal Force
Circular Motion Centripetal Force

Satellite in orbit around Earth Gravitational force of the Earth

Car moving around a flat-curve Static frictional force

Static frictional force and normal


Car moving around a banked-exit
force
Toy-plane tied to a rope and
Tension in the rope
moving in a circle
Astronaut in a rotating space
Normal force by the surface/floor
station

Rider at a roller coaster weight and/or normal force

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