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Results and Discussion: Presented By: Shalini Pandey M.Sc. Previous Deptt. of HECM

The document discusses the key components and purpose of the results and discussion sections of a research paper. The results section presents findings from the study in a simple way using data, figures, and tables. The discussion section interprets the results in the context of previous research and explains how the results answer the research question. Together, the results and discussion sections answer two key questions: what are the findings of the study, and what are the implications of those findings.

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John Lexter Rosales
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42 views17 pages

Results and Discussion: Presented By: Shalini Pandey M.Sc. Previous Deptt. of HECM

The document discusses the key components and purpose of the results and discussion sections of a research paper. The results section presents findings from the study in a simple way using data, figures, and tables. The discussion section interprets the results in the context of previous research and explains how the results answer the research question. Together, the results and discussion sections answer two key questions: what are the findings of the study, and what are the implications of those findings.

Uploaded by

John Lexter Rosales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Results and Discussion

Presented By:
Shalini Pandey
M.Sc. Previous
Deptt. Of HECM
Results
• Tells about outcomes/findings of the
research study.
• presents the data and findings, ordered/analyzed
in ways justified earlier (methodology)
• past tense is a feature here (usually)
• describes the findings in a simple way with
the help of data .
• Figures and tables appear here.
Discussion
• What the result or data from the
does
experiment mean to us is described in
• discussion.
Function of discussion is to :
 Interpret results in light of what was
already known about the subject and
 Explain new understanding of the problem
after taking results into consideration.
• Explain how the results answer the
question under study.
Presentation of Data
• Tables and figures (photographs, drawings, graphs
and flow diagrams) are often used to present
details whereas the narrative section of result
tends to be used to present the general findings.
• Numerical data can usually be presented more
effectively in tables or graphs than in the text.
• The order of presentation of the result should be
either chronological to correspond with the
methods or from the most to the least important
Table
Class Frequence Cumulative
• A table is an organized Interval frequency
set of data elements 10-20 15 15
(values) using a model
of vertical columns
( which are identified
by their name) and
horizontal rows.
• The cell is the unit of
table where a row and
column intersect.
Chart
6 • A chart is a graphical
5 representation of data,
4 in which "the data is
represented
3 Series 1 by symbols, such as
2 Series 2
Series 3
bars in a bar chart, lines
1 in a line chart, or slices
0 in a pie chart".
• A chart represent
tabular numeric data.
Graphics
• Graphics are visual image
s or design used for
pictorial representation of
data.
Examples:
• Photographs
• Drawings
• Graphs
• Diagrams
• Symbols
• Maps
Purpose of the Results and Discussion
Sections

They answer these questions:


• What’s the answer?
• What are the implications of your answer?

These two questions are the object of the


results and discussion sections, respectively.
• Examination of collected raw data to detect error
Editing and omission & to correct these when possible

• Process of assigning numerals or other symbols so


Coding that response can be put into a limited class

• Convergence of raw data into homogenous group


Classification in order to get meaningful relationship.

• Arranging of classified data into a concise and


Tabulation logical order i.e. in form of statistical table
Statistical measures for Analysis

Measures of Central
Tendency
1. Mean
2. Mode
3. Median
Measures of Relationship
Measures of Dispersion
1. Co relation
1. Standard Deviation
2. Regration analysis
2. Variance
3. T test & Z test
Point to be considered
• Divide chapter into sections according to the
objectives.
• Choose one best way instead of presenting same
data in several ways.
• Do not present tables and figures in text form.
• Tables and figures should be clearly labeled in
order of being referred in the text.
Example: Table 4.2, Figure 4.1 etc.
• Each table should be given a name.
• Table caption are always placed above the table
while figure captions are placed below.
References
• http://web.mit.edu/course/21/21.guide/th-

form.htm
• http://www.monash.edu.au/education/docs/
booklet-writing-a-thesis-in-education.pdf
• http://www.awc.metu.edu.tr/handouts/Thesi
s_Writing.pdf
• Pasupuleti,M.,Scientific Writing Made Easy
• Kothari,C.R.,2008,Research Methodology

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