Scribd
Upload
71 views18 pages

Soil Mechanics-II: Stress Distribution

The document discusses soil mechanics and stress distribution in soils. It defines three main types of stresses: total stress, neutral stress (pore water pressure), and effective stress. Total stress is the stress developed from overburden pressure and external loads. Neutral stress is the pressure of water filling soil voids, and effective stress is the stress carried by solid particles. Effective stress is important for soil strength and is calculated as total stress minus neutral stress. The document also outlines several theories for stress distribution in soils, including approximate methods based on assumptions of soil elasticity and isotropy.

Uploaded by

Rana Talal Razi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views18 pages

Soil Mechanics-II: Stress Distribution

The document discusses soil mechanics and stress distribution in soils. It defines three main types of stresses: total stress, neutral stress (pore water pressure), and effective stress. Total stress is the stress developed from overburden pressure and external loads. Neutral stress is the pressure of water filling soil voids, and effective stress is the stress carried by solid particles. Effective stress is important for soil strength and is calculated as total stress minus neutral stress. The document also outlines several theories for stress distribution in soils, including approximate methods based on assumptions of soil elasticity and isotropy.

Uploaded by

Rana Talal Razi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Soil Mechanics-II

Stress Distribution

Lec#01

Engr Shahid Hameed


Percentage Marks Allocation

• Mid Exams 30%


• Quiz 10 %
• Assignments 10%
• Attendance 10% (min 75% for appearing in exams)
• Final Exams 40%
=100%
Stresses in Soil
i) Stresses also develop due to the soil layer above any point, known as
geostatic stress or over burden pressure
Magnitude of geostatic stress at a point is affected by groundwater table
fluctuation.

σz= γ Z ( If there is no water water)


σz = Total vertical stress
γ = Unit weight of soil mass

ii) Stress caused by external loading


i.e., Building loads
TYPES OF STRESSES
• Soil mass is a skeleton of solid particles enclosing voids.
• Voids may contain water (saturated soil), air (dry soil) or both
(partially saturated soil).
• When stress is applied, volume of soil reduces due to
rearrangement of solid particles.
• Volume reduction brings particles close, forces acting at inter-
particle contacts increase
• Forces acting between the particles remain unchanged if the
rearrangement of particles does not occur.
• In fully saturated soil, reduction in volume in not possible,
unless some water escapes
• Water within the voids can also withstand stresses by an
increase in pressure when the soil is fully saturated.
• In a saturated soil mass, the following three types of stresses are
generally considered while dealing with soil engineering
problems.
a- Total stress:

The stress developed at any point in a soil mass due any


applied loading and/or weight of soil lying above that point
is known as the total stress.
Total stress at section XX in Fig:-1 & 2 is written as follows;

σ = γb D + γsatZ (1)
σ = γwD + γsat.1Z1 + γsat.2Z2 (2)
b- Neutral stress
(pore water pressure):

• It is the pressure of water


filling the voids between
solid particles.

• It is termed as neutral stress since it acts equally in all directions.


• The neutral stress reduces the inter-particle stress and the
strength of soil is reduced.
Neutral stress or hydrostatic pressure at sec. XX for Fig:-1 & 2

• u = w Z (3)
• u = w D + w Z1 + w Z2 (4)

c- Effective stress:

• The stress carried by solid particles at their points of


contact (Fig.3).
• It is the sum of vertical components of forces developed
at points of contact between the soil particles divided the
cross- sectional area
Fig:-3
• It is the effective stress due to which frictional resistance
against particle movement such as rolling, slipping, sliding,
etc., develops.
• When effective stress is zero, the soil is in a critical condition.

• Effective stress is expressed as follows;


σ/ = σ – u (5)
 The effective stress at section XX for Fig. 1, is given below;
σ/ = γb D + γsatZ – γwZ (6)

σ/ = γb D + Z(γsat -γw) (7)

= γb D + γsubZ (8)
Where, γsub or γ/ is submerged or
buoyant unit weight of the soil.

Consider Fig. 1,
• If water table rises to ground surface, the effective stress will
be equal to “γsub(Z+D)”,
• If water table lowers down to XX, then the effective stress
will be equal to “γb(Z+D)”.
• Hence it can be said that the lowering of water table causes
an increase in the effective stress, because γb > γsub,
• The effective stress at section XX for Fig. 2 is as follows;
σ/ = γwD + γsat.1Z1 + γsat.2Z2 – (γwD + γwZ1 + γwZ2) (9)

= Z1(γsat.1 -γw) + Z2(γsat.2 -γw) (10)

= γsub.1Z1+ γsub.2Z2 (11)

• Equation 11 shows that effective stress is independent of


depth of water above the ground surface.

Text Book
STRESS DISTRIBUTION THEORIES

1) Approximate methods
2) Methods based on theory of Elasticity
i) Boussinesq Theory
ii) Westergaard’s Theory
iii) New Mark’sTheory
1) Approximate methods
Assumptions
a) The soil mass is an elastic, homogeneous
b) The soil mass is isotropic
c) Single point load applied at horizontal boundary
d) The soil mass is semi- infinite medium which extends
infinitely in all directions from a level surface.
e) Soil is weightless
p
 z  2 kb
z

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy