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Determining Compass Errors and Their Corrections

This document discusses gyrocompass errors and how to correct compass readings. It identifies six types of gyrocompass errors: speed error, latitude error, ballistic deflection error, ballistic damping error, quadrantal error, and gimballing error. It also defines key nautical terms like bearing, course, variation, and deviation. Compass error is the combined error from variation and deviation, which are corrected by either adding or subtracting their values depending on whether they have the same or different names.

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Master Irvin
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3K views28 pages

Determining Compass Errors and Their Corrections

This document discusses gyrocompass errors and how to correct compass readings. It identifies six types of gyrocompass errors: speed error, latitude error, ballistic deflection error, ballistic damping error, quadrantal error, and gimballing error. It also defines key nautical terms like bearing, course, variation, and deviation. Compass error is the combined error from variation and deviation, which are corrected by either adding or subtracting their values depending on whether they have the same or different names.

Uploaded by

Master Irvin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DETERMINING

COMPASS ERRORS AND


THEIR CORRECTIONS
A report prepared by:
Bagas, Irvin Dick S.
Gera, Dave M.
Lacuña, Carl Justine R.
GYROCOMP
ASS
ERRORS
GYROCOMPASS ERRORS
The total of all the combined errors of the gyrocompass
is called gyro error and is expressed in degree E or W.

The errors to which a gyrocompass is subject are speed


error, latitude error, ballistic deflection error, ballistic
damping error, quadrantal error, and gimballing error.
SPEED ERROR
Speed error is caused by the fact that a
gyrocompass only moves directly east or west when
is stationary (on the rotating Earth) or placed on a
vessel moving exactly east or west.
LATITUDE ERROR
Tangent latitude error is a property only of gyros
with mercury ballistics, and is easterly in north
latitudes and westerly in south latitudes. This error is
also corrected internally, by offsetting the lubber's
line or with a small movable weight attached to the
casting.
BALLISTIC
DEFLECTION ERROR
Ballistic deflection error occurs when there is a
marked change in the north-south component of the
speed. East-west accelerations have no effect. A
change of course or speed also results in speed error
in the opposite direction, and the two tend to cancel
each other if the compass is properly designed.
BALLISTIC DAMPING
ERROR
Ballistic damping error is a temporary oscillation
introduced by changes in course or speed. During a change
in course or speed, the mercury in the ballistic is subjected
to centrifugal and acceleration/deceleration forces.
QUADRANTAL
ERROR
Quadrantal error has two causes. The first occurs if
the center of gravity of the gyro is not exactly centered
in the phantom. This causes the gyro to tend to swing
along its heavy axis as the vessel rolls in the sea.
QUADRANTAL
ERROR
The second source of quadrantal error is more
difficult to eliminate. As a vessel rolls in the sea, the
apparent vertical axis is displaced, first to one side
and then the other.
GUIMBALLING
ERROR
Gimballing error is caused by taking readings from
the compass card when it is tilted from the horizontal
plane. It applies to the compass itself and to all
repeaters.
COMPASS COURSE
AND BEARING
CORRECTIONS BY
VARIATION AND
DEVIATION
BEARING
Bearing is a horizontal direction
generally expressed as an angle between a
reference line extending from a reference
point and a line extending from a reference
point to a given direction.
TYPES OF
BEARINGS
True Bearing

 Magnetic Bearing
 Compass Bearing
 Range Bearing
 Relative Bearing
TRUE BEARING
True Bearing of an object is the
horizontal angle between the direction of
true north and the direction in which the
object lies or bears.
MAGNETIC
BEARING
Magnetic Bearing of an object is the
horizontal angle between the direction of
magnetic north and the direction in which
the object.
COMPASS BEARING
Compass Bearing of an object is the
horizontal angle between the direction of
compass north and the direction in which
the object lies or bears.
RANGE BEARING
Range Bearing, when two objects are
directly in line, one behind the other
irrespective of distance between them, they
are said to be “in range”, and together they
give a range line
RELATIVE BEARING
Range Bearing, when two objects are
directly in line, one behind the other
irrespective of distance between them, they
are said to be “in range”, and together they
give a range line
COURSE
Course of vessels is the cardinal direction
in which the vessel is to be steered or
heading. The course is to be distinguished
from the heading, which is the compass
direction in which the ship’s bow or nose is
pointed.
TYPES OF COURSES
 True Course
 Magnetic Course
 Compass Course
TRUE COURSE
True Course of a vessel is the horizontal
angle between the direction of true north
and the ship’s heading.
MAGNETIC COURSE
Magnetic Course of a vessel is the
horizontal angle between the direction of
magnetic north and the ship’s heading.
COMPASS COURSE
Compass Course of a vessel is the
horizontal angle between the direction of
compass north and the ship’s heading.
VARIATION
Variation is the horizontal angle which
the magnetic north makes with the true
north.
DEVIATION
Deviation is the horizontal angle which
the magnetic north makes with the compass
north.
COMPASS ERROR
Compass Error is defined as the
combined error (algebraic sum) of variation
and deviation.
DETERMINING AND
NAMING THE
COMPASS
CE = VAR + DEV
ERROR
CE = DEV - VAR
Rule:
1. If variation and deviation is of the same name, add their values and affix to the
result (CE) their common name.

2. If variation and deviation have different names, subtract the lesser from the
greater value and affix to the result (CE) the name of the greater.

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