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Naming Compounds - Edited

The document provides information on naming compounds through three main points: 1. It outlines the basic rules for naming ionic compounds such as ending names in -ide and listing the metal first. Formula examples of calcium iodide and magnesium oxide are given. 2. It discusses naming compounds containing metals with multiple valences, explaining both the Latin and IUPAC systems where the valence is indicated by endings like -ous or in brackets. Copper (I) chloride and cobalt (II) chloride are named. 3. It introduces naming covalent compounds using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms like di- or tri- and dropping prefixes in some cases. Examples named are carbon tetrachloride and diph

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79 views17 pages

Naming Compounds - Edited

The document provides information on naming compounds through three main points: 1. It outlines the basic rules for naming ionic compounds such as ending names in -ide and listing the metal first. Formula examples of calcium iodide and magnesium oxide are given. 2. It discusses naming compounds containing metals with multiple valences, explaining both the Latin and IUPAC systems where the valence is indicated by endings like -ous or in brackets. Copper (I) chloride and cobalt (II) chloride are named. 3. It introduces naming covalent compounds using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms like di- or tri- and dropping prefixes in some cases. Examples named are carbon tetrachloride and diph

Uploaded by

Angel Joy CATALAN (SHS)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Naming Compounds

“What's in a name? That which we call a


rose
By any other name would smell as
Background: Valences and Formulas
• We can determine the formula of a compound
by completing Lewis diagrams or via “valence”
• Valence is “the number of electrons an atom
must gain, lose, or share to complete its octet”
• For representative elements valence starts at
1 (IA), climbs to 4 (IVA) and falls back to 1
(VIIA)
• By knowing the valence of elements you can
determine the formula of compounds
• E.g. what compound would form from C + S?
Step 1 - write valences: C4S2
AlBrStep
3 K232S- simplify
ZnO Mg
cross down 3Nvalences:
2 CCl4 CuO
formula: or
CCSS
2 24
Cu 2O
a) Al,Br b) K,S c) Zn,O d) Mg,N e) C,Cl f) Cu,O
Ionic Compounds (metal with 1 valence)
Rules for naming
• Names end in -ide. Example: sodium chloride
• Metal (+ve ion) comes 1st (not chorine sodide)
• Use the group valence for nonmetals
• Do not capitalized unless starting a sentence
Give formulae & name: Ca + I, O + Mg, Na + S
1. Ca2I1 = CaI2 = calcium iodide
2. Mg2O2 = MgO = magnesium oxide
3. Na1S2 = Na2S = sodium sulfide
Multiple Valence: Latin Naming
• When the metal in an ionic compound is multi-
valent there are 2 methods: Latin or IUPAC
• Latin is older (not useful for some compounds)
• As before, the name ends in -ide & +ve is first
• The metal is named with it’s Latin or English
root and ends in -ic or –ous to denote valence
• E.g. Cu1 is cuprous, E.g. Cu2 is cupric
• Lower = ous, Higher = ic
• Give formulas and Latin names for:
Cu2 + Cl = Cu2Cl1 = CuCl2 = cupric chloride
Co2 + Cl = Co2Cl1 = CoCl2 = cobaltous chloride
• For latin naming: know rules, remember Hg is
an exception, do not memorize Latin names
Multiple Valence: IUPAC Naming
• Name ends in -ide, positive/metal comes first
• The valence of the metal is indicated in
brackets using roman numerals
• E.g. Cu1 is copper(I), Cu2 is copper(II)
• Numbers refer to valences not to #s of atoms
• Try: Cu2+Cl, Zn2 + Cl, Co2+Cl, Hg+S (do both)
Cu2+Cl = Cu2Cl1 = CuCl2 = copper(II) chloride
Zn2+Cl = Zn2Cl1 = ZnCl2 = zinc chloride
Co2+Cl = Co2Cl1 = CoCl2 = cobalt(II) chloride
Hg+S = Hg1S2 = Hg2S = mercury(I) sulfide
Hg+S = Hg2S2 = HgS = mercury(II) sulfide
Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions
• So far we have given valences to single atoms
Li + O Li1O2 → Li2O
• Groups of atoms can also have valences
• “Polyatomic ions” are groups of atoms that
interact as a single unit.(For valence,check your P.T.)
• E.g. OH1, (SO4)2. Ba3(PO4)2 = barium
• Naming compounds with polyatomic phosphateions is
similar to naming other ionic compounds
• You should note that compounds with polyatomic
ions have names ending in -ate or -ite not -ide
• Note that most are negative, except ammonium
• Name: Ca(OH)2, CuSO4, NH4NO3, Co2(CO3)3
Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions

Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide


CuSO4 - copper(II) sulfate
NH4NO3 - ammonium nitrate
Co2(CO3)3 - cobalt(III) carbonate
Naming Covalent Compounds
1 mono • -ide ending, each element has “prefix”
2 di • prefix refers to # of atoms - not valence
N2O4 = dinitrogen tetroxide
3 tri
• Exception: drop mono for first element
4 tetra CO2 = carbon dioxide
5 penta • The first vowel is often dropped to
6 hexa avoid the combination of “ao” or “oo”.
7 hepta CO = carbon monoxide
P O =
(monooxide)
4 10 tetraphosphorus decoxide
8 octa SO2= sulfur dioxide (doxide)
9 nona • Name: CCl4, P2O3, IF7
10 deca
Write and name the
following covalent
compounds (IUPAC):
CCl4
carbon tetrachloride
P2O3

diphosporus trioxide
IF7

iodine heptafluoride For more lessons, visit


www.chalkbored.com
Acid Nomenclature

• Acids
– Compounds that form H+ in water.
– Formulas usually begin with ‘H’.
– In order to be an acid instead of a gas, binary acids must
be aqueous (dissolved in water)
– Ternary acids are ALL aqueous
• Examples:
– HCl (aq) – hydrochloric acid
– HNO3 – nitric acid
– H2SO4 – sulfuric acid
Acid Nomenclature Review

No Oxygen🡪

w/Oxygen

An easy way to remember which goes with which…


“In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
Acid Nomenclature

• HBr (aq)
• 2 elements, -ide ⇒ hydrobromic acid
• H2CO3
• 3 elements, -ate ⇒ carbonic acid
• H2SO3
• 3 elements, -ite ⇒ sulfurous acid
Acid Nomenclature

• hydrofluoric acid
• 2 elements ⇒ H+ F- ⇒ HF (aq)
• sulfuric acid
• 3 elements, -ic ⇒ H+ SO42- ⇒ H2SO4
• nitrous acid
• 3 elements, -ous ⇒ H+ NO2- ⇒ HNO2
Nomenclature Summary
Flowchart

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