FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2007

1. Table 1 shows proton number and nucleon number for atom W, X and Y.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom W, X dan Y.

Atom Proton number / Nucleon number /

Nombor Proton Nombor Nukleon
W 11 23
X 17 35
Y 17 37
TABLE / JADUAL 1

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ?

...............................................................………………………………...............
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the number of neutron in atom W ?
Apakah bilangan neutron dalam atom W?

.........................................………………………………………................
[1 mark]
(b) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.
Atom – atom yang manakah adalah isotop? Jelaskan mengapa.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) Write the electron arrangement of atom X .
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom Y. In your diagram , show the
number of proton and the number of neutron in the nucleus.
Lukiskan susunan elektron atom Y. Dalam rajah anda, tunjukkan bilangan
proton dan bilangan neutron dalam nukleus.

1
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

[2 marks]

(ii) What is the number of valence electron of atom Y?

Apakah bilangan elektron valen bagi atom Y?

................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the formula of ion Y.
Tuliskan formula ion Y.

....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

A
(e) Write the symbol of atom X in the form of Z X.
A
Tuliskan simbol bagi atom X dalam bentuk Z X.

.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

2
 FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL PAHANG 2007

1. . a)
Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons
Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron
S 16 17
T 16 18
U 17 18
V 18 17
Table 1
Jadual 1

Table 1 shows the number of protons and neutrons of three atoms.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutrons bagi tiga atom.
(i) What is meant by the proton number and nucleon number of an atom?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom?

Proton number
Nombor proton

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Nucleon number
Nombor nucleon

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

A
(ii) Represent atom S in the form of Z X
A
Tuliskan atom S dengan perwakilan atom unsur Z X

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(iii) Which of the atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom yang manakah isotop?

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(iv) State a reason for your answer in (d)(i)

Nyatakan alasan bagi jawapan anda di (d)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(b) An organic compound Q consists of 64.87% of carbon, 13.51% of hydrogen and 21.62% of
oxygen.
[Relative atomic mass: H,1 ; C,12 ;O, 16]
Suatu sebatian organik Q mengandungi karbon 64.87%, hidrogen 13.51% dan oksigen 21.62%.
[Jisim atom relatif: H,1 ; C,12 ; O, 16]

(i) Determine the empirical formula of compound Q.

Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian Q.

3
 FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

[3 marks]

(ii) If the relative molecular mass of compound Q is 74, find the molecular formula of compound Q.
Jika jisim molekul relatif bagi sebatian Q adalah 74, cari formula molekul bagi sebatian Q.

[2 marks]

4
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL SELANG0R 2007

2. Diagram 2.1 shows the symbols for atom J, L, and M.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan simbol atom J,L ,dan M.

1 23 24
J L M
1 11 12

DIAGRAM [RAJAH] 2.1

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number of an element?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton suatu unsur?

.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the nucleon number of L?
Apakah nombor nukleon L?

............................................................................................................................................
.
[1 mark]

(iii) Write the electron arrangement for an atom of element M

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur M

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

(b) Element J reacts with oxygen to form compound Z. The physical state of compound Z
is liquid at room temperature. Diagram 2.2 shows the graph of temperature against time
when liquid Z is cooled from room temperature to – 5 oC.
Unsur J bertindakbalas dengan oksigen menghasilkan sebatian Z.Keadaan fizik bagi sebatian
Z adalah cecair pada suhu bilik.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila
cecair Z disejukkan dari suhu bilik ke suhu -5 oC.

5
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

Temp /oC
[ suhu ]
30

–5

t1 t2 Time/min-1
Masa/min -1
DIAGRAM [RAJAH]2.2

(i) State the type of particle in compound Z

Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam sebatian Z

...............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why the temperature of Z remains constant from time t 1 to t2?
Jelaskan mengapa suhu Z tidak berubah dari masa t 1 ke t2?
..... ....................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(iii) Draw the arrangement of particles of compound Z at – 5 oC.

Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah sebatian Z pada suhu –5 oC.

6
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

[ 1 mark]

(c) In an experiment, chlorine gas reacts with 11.5 g of element L to form 29.25 g of a chloride
compound. Determine the empirical formula of the chloride compound.
[ Relative atomic mass : Cl = 35.5; L = 23 ]
Dalam suatu eksperimen,gas klorin bertindakbalas dengan 11.5 g unsur L untuk
membentuk 29.25g sebatian klorida.Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian klorida
tersebut..
[ Jisim atomRelatif: Cl = 35.5; L = 23 ]

[3 marks]

7
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL SBP 2007

1 Table 1 shows the melting point and boiling point of four substances.

Substances Melting point/ ºC Boiling point/ ºC

P -5 67
Q -105 -38
R 80 140
S 801 1413

TABLE 1

(a) What is the physical state of P and S at room temperature?

P: ....................................................................................................................

S: ....................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) Draw the arrangement of particles of P at room temperature.

[1 mark]

(c) Explain why substance Q has a low melting point and boiling point.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

8
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(d) Draw the set up of apparatus to determine the melting point of substance R.

[2 marks]

(e) Sketch the graph of temperature against time for substance R when it is
heated from room temperature until it reaches a temperature of 100 oC.

[2 marks]

9
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL MELAKA 2007

1 An experiment is carried out to determine the melting point of solid X. . Solid X is heated using
water bath. The temperature of X is recorded at 30 seconds intervals as shown below

Time/second 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Temperature/oC 70 77 80 80 80 82 85 95

(a) Draw the set up of the apparatus to carry out this experiment.

[ 3 marks ]

(b) Draw the arrangement of particles in X at 77 oC

[ 1 mark ]

(c) On the graph paper , draw the graph of temperature against time for the
heating of X
[ 3 marks ]

10
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

1 Suatu ekperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan takat lebur pepejal X. Pepejal X dipanaskan
menggunakan kukus air. Suhu bagi X telah direkodkan pada selang masa 30 saat seperti
ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.1

Masa/saat 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Suhu/oC 70 77 80 80 80 82 85 95

(a) Lukiskan susunan gambar rajah bagi menjalankan ekperimen ini.

[ 3 markah ]

(b) Lukiskan susunan zarah X pada suhu 77 oC

[ 1 markah ]

(c) Pada kertas graf di bawah, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa bagi proses
pemanasan.
[ 3 markah ]

11
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

12
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

13
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(d) Show on your graph, how the melting point of X is determined

[ 1 mark ]

(e) Explain why there is no change in temperature from 60 second to 120 second.

…………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 2 marks ]

14
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(d) Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana nilai takat lebur X diperolehi.

[ 1 markah ]

(e) Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari 60 saat ke 120 saat

…………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 2 markah ]

9 (a) The table below shows the proton numbers of two elements, X and Y.
Element Proton number
X 1
Y 11

Explain how both X and Y can react with a named element in Group 17 to form two different
types of compounds. In your explanation, attach any useful diagram.
[ 11 marks ]

(b) (i)State two properties of an ionic compound.

(ii) Describe an experiment, using electrical energy, how you prove that one of
the compounds formed in (a) is an ionic compound. Explain how you
arrive at the conclusion.
[ 9 marks ]

15
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL MHS 2007

1 Table 1 shows the melting point and boiling point of four substances.

Substances Melting point/ ºC Boiling point/ ºC

W -5 67
X -105 -38
Y 80 140
Z 801 1413

TABLE 1

(a) What is the physical state of W and Z at room temperature?

W: ....................................................................................................................

Z : ....................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) Draw the arrangement of particles of Y at room temperature.

[1 mark]

(c) Explain why substance X has a low melting point and boiling point.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

16
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(d) Draw the set up of apparatus to determine the melting point of substance Y.

[2 marks]

(e) Sketch the graph of temperature against time for substance Y when it is
heated from room temperature until it reaches a temperature of 100 oC.

[2 marks]

17
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2009

1 Table 1 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron in atom X, Y and Z.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam atom X, Y dan Z.

Atom Number of proton Number of neutron

Atom Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron

X 6 6

Y 6 8

Z 8 8

Table/ Jadual 1

(a) State three subatomic particles of an atom.

Nyatakan tiga zarah sub atom.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(b) (i) What is meant by isotope?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(ii) Which atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom yang manakah merupakan isotop?

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(iii) State the radioisotope that is used to treat thyroid diseases.

Nyatakan radioisotop yang digunakan untuk merawat penyakit tiroid.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

18
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom X.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(ii) What is valence electron of atom X?

Apakah elektron valens bagi atom X?

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

A
(d) Write the symbol for atom Y in the form of Z Y .

A
Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Y dalam bentuk Z Y .

………………………………………………………………………………………...........
[1 mark]

(e) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom Z.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom Z.

[1 mark]

(ii) State the position of element of atom Z in the Periodic Table of Element.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur bagi atom Z dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

19
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

9 (a) Table 9 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X and Y. These letters are not the
actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom W, X dan Y. Huruf-huruf ini bukanlah
simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.

Element Electron arrangement

unsur Susunan elektron

W W

X X

Y Y

(i) Compare the atomic size of element X and Y. Explain your answer.
Bandingkan saiz atom unsur X dan Y. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[3 marks]

(ii) Based on the information in Table 9, explain why element Y exists as diatomic
molecules.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 9, terangkan mengapa unsur Y wujud
sebagai molekul dwiatom.
[3 marks]

(iii) Using the information in Table 9, explain how two compounds can be formed
from these atom of elements based on their electron arrangements. The two
compounds should have different bond type.

20
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

Dengan menggunakan Jadual 9, terangkan bagaimana dua sebatian boleh

terbentuk daripada atom-atom unsur itu berdasarkan susunan elektronnya. Dua
sebatian itu hendaklah mempunyai jenis ikatan yang berlainan.
[10 marks]

(b) The following is a list of chemical substances

Berikut adalah senarai beberapa bahan kimia

 Sodium chloride / natrium klorida

 Naphthalene / naftalena
 Carbon dioxide / karbon dioksida
 Zinc nitrate / zink nitrat

Classify these substances into substance that have high melting point and low melting
point. Explain your answer.
Kelaskan bahan-bahan ini kepada bahan yang mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi dan
takat lebur yang rendah. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]

21
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL SBP 2009

2 (a) Diagram 2.1 shows the symbol for elements V, W, X and Y.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan simbol-simbol bagi unsur-unsur V, W, X dan Y.

35
17 V 24
12 W 37
17 X 40
19 Y
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(i) State the name of the three subatomic particles in an atom.

Nyatakan nama bagi tiga zarah subatom dalam suatu atom.

.....…………………………………………………………………………………........
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the electron arrangement of an ion of element X.
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi satu ion bagi unsur X.

[1 mark]

(iii) Which of the atoms above are isotopes of an element? Explain your answer.
Yang manakah atom-atom di atas adalah isotop bagi suatu unsur? Terangkan
jawapan anda.

.…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

(iv) State the position of element Y in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Nyatakan kedudukan unsur Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

………….…………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(v) What is the number of neutrons in atom V?
Berapakah bilangan neutron dalam atom V?

………..……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

22
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(b) Table 2 shows the melting point and boiling point of substances P, Q, R and S.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi bahan P, Q, R dan S.

Substance Melting point (oC) Boiling point (oC)

P 42 10
Q 65 110
R 8 54
S 200 450
Table 2
Jadual 2
(i) Draw the arrangement of particles of substances Q and R at room temperature.
Lukis susunan zarah-zarah bagi bahan Q dan R pada suhu bilik.

Substance Q Substance R
Bahan Q Bahan R
[2 marks]

(ii) Diagram 2.2 shows the cooling graph of liquid Q.

Rajah 2.2
Temperature (oC)menunjukkan graf penyejukan bagi cecair Q.
Suhu (oC)

Time(s)
t1 t2 Masa(s)

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

State the value of K .

Give reason why the temperature remains constant at K oC from t1 to t2.
Nyatakan nilai K.
Beri sebab mengapa suhu tidak berubah pada K oC dari t1 hingga t2

…………………………………………………………………………………………

23
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
TRIAL PERLIS 2009

1. Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of particles of substance X at different

temperatures. Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan zarah bahan X pada suhu yang berbeza.

60 oC 90 oC
Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) What is the physical state of substance X at

Apakah keadaan fizikal bahan X pada

(i) 60 oC : .........................................................................

(ii) 90 oC : .........................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) State the movement of particles of substance X at 60 oC.

Nyatakan pergerakan zarah bahan X pada 60 oC.

....
……………………………………………………………………………………….......

[1 mark]

(c) Graph 1 shows the graph of temperature against time when substance X is
heated from 60 oC to 90 oC.
Graf 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bila bahan X dipanaskan dari 60 oC
kepada 90 C. o

.
Temperature/oC
Suhu/ oC

90
78

60

t0 t1 t2 t3 Time/s
Graph 1 Masa/s
Graf 1
24
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(i) What is meant by melting point?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..…[1
mark]

(ii) Based on Graph 1, state the melting point of substance X.

Berdasarkan Graf 1, nyatakan takat lebur bahan X.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2.

Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari t1 hingga t2.

.................................................................................................................
..................
[2 marks]

(d) (i) Substance X cannot conduct electricity in any state.

State the type of particles of substance X.
Bahan X tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam semua keadaan.
Nyatakan jenis zarah bagi bahan X.

.................................................................................................................
..................
[1 mark]

(ii) Table 1 shows two substances.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan dua bahan.

Magnesium oxide

Carbon dioxide

Table 1
Jadual 1

Which substance has the same type of particles as substance X?

Tick (√ ) the correct answer.
Bahan manakah mempunyai jenis zarah yang sama dengan bahan X?

25
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

Tanda ( √ ) jawapan yang betul.

[1 mark]
TRIAL PERAK 2009

2 Table 2 shows the number of subatomic particles of atoms P and Q. Both P and Q are isotopes of
the same element.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan zarah sub atom bagi atom P dan Q. Kedua-dua P dan Q adalah
isotop bagi unsur yang sama.

Atom Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Number of Electrons

Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron Bilangan elektron
P 6 8 6
Q 6 6 6

Table 2
Jadual 2

(a) (i) What is the meaning of isotopes?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
…………………………………………………………………………………….........

…….………………………………………………………………………………........
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) State one usage of P.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan P.

……………………………………………………………………............................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) What is the name of the positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an
atom?
Apakah nama zarah subatom yang bercas positif yang terdapat dalam nukleus suatu
atom?

..…..…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

26
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(c) State the number of valence electrons of atom P.

Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens bagi atom P.

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) A
Write the standard representation of one of the isotopes above in the form of Z
X .
A
Tuliskan perwakilan piawai bagi salah satu isotop di atas dalam bentuk Z
X.

.………………..……………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(e) Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form a compound.

Magnesium bertindakbalas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk suatu sebatian.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas tersebut.

……………………………………………………………………………….......
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the formation of the compound.
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi pembentukan sebatian itu.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

27
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

8 Table 8 shows the proton number and nucleon number of atom of elements Q and R.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom unsur Q dan R.

Atom proton number nucleon number

nombor proton nombor nukleon
Q 9 19
R 6 12

Table 8
Jadual 8

(a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atoms Q and R.

Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom Q dan R .
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) State the number of neutrons and number of electrons in atom Q.

Nyatakan bilangan neutron dan bilangan elektron bagi atom Q.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) The reaction between Q and R forms a compound. F4C5

Describe the formation of the compound .
Tindak balas di antara Q dan R menghasilkan satu sebatian.
Huraikan pembentukan sebatian itu.
[ 8 marks]
[8 markah]

(c) State the change of the reactivity of Group 1 and Group 17 elements in the Periodic
Table when going down the group.F4C4
Explain your answer.
Nyatakan perubahan kereaktifan unsur-unsur kumpulan 1 dan kumpulan 17 dalam
Jadual Berkala Unsur apabila menuruni kumpulan .
Terangkan jawapan anda.
[ 8 marks]
[8 markah]

28
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL PAHANG 2009

1 Diagram 1 shows the set - up of apparatus to determine the melting point of

substance X by heating solid X until it melts. Then the temperature of substance X is
recorded every half minutes when it is left to cool at room temperature.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat lebur bagi asetamida
dengan memanaskan pepejal asetamida sehingga lebur. Kemudian suhu asetamida
direkodkan setiap setengah minit apabila dibiarkan menyejuk pada suhu bilik
.

Thermometer
Termometer

Solid X
Pepejal X

Water
Air
Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) What is the purpose of using water bath in the experiment?

Apakah tujuan menggunakan kukus air dalam eksperimen ini?

……………………………………………………………………………..………………
[1 mark]

(b) Name one substance which its melting point can be determined by using water bath.
Namakan satu bahan yang takat leburnya boleh ditentukan menggunaakan kukus air

……………………………………………………………….……………………………..
[1 mark]

(c) Sodium nitrate has a melting point of 310oC. Can the melting point of sodium
nitrate be determined by using water bath as shown in the diagram?
Explain your answer.
Natrium nitrat mempunyai takat lebur 310oC. Bolehkah takat lebur natrium nitrat
di tentukan menggunakaan kukus air seperti dalam rajah di atas?
Terangkan jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………..………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….,…
[2 marks]
(d) Why do we need to stir the molten substance X when it is left to cool to room
temperature?

29
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

Mengapakah kita perlu mengacau leburan asetamida semasa dibiarkan sejuk ke

suhu bilik?

……..……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(e) The graph of temperature against time for the cooling of molten substance X is
shown below.
Graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukan leburan bahan X ditunjukkan di
bawah.

Temperature/oC
Suhu
P
90

Q R
79

60 S
Time/minute
Masa/ minit
(i) State the melting point of substance X?
Nyatakan takat lebur bahan X?

……………………………………………………………….............................
[1 mark ]
(ii) Explain why there is no change in temperature from Q to R.
Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari Q ke R..

……………………………………………………………………………..….…

...……………………………………………………………………………........
[2 marks]

(f) What is the state the of matter for substance X at RS?

Apakah keadaan jirim bagi bahan X pada RS?

.…………………………………………..……………………………………………
[1 mark ]

30
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

2 Diagram 2 shows the symbols of atom for element U, V, W and X.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan simbol- simbol atom bagi unsur U, V, W dan X.
7 12 19 20
3 U 6 V 9 W 10 X
DIAGRAM 2
RAJAH 2

(a) Write the electron arrangement of atom W.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.

.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Element U, V, W and X are placed in the same period in the Periodic
Table.
State the period.
Unsur U, V, W dan X berada dalam kala yang sama dalam Jadual
Berkala.
Nyatakan kala itu.

.................................................................................................................
[1
mark]
(ii) Compare the atomic size of element V and X.
Bandingkan saiz atom unsur V dan X.

.................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Explain your answer in (b) (ii)
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b) (ii).

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
(c) Element V can react with element W to form a compound.
Unsur V boleh bertindak balas dengan unsur W membentuk satu sebatian

(i) Write the chemical formula for the compound.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian itu.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark ]

31
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(ii) State one physical property for the compound formed.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizikal bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

………………………………………………………………………....……
[1 mark ]
(d) When element U react with element W, a compound is produced.
Apabila unsur U bertindak balas dengan unsur W, satu sebatian terhasil.
(i) State the type of the compound produced.
Nyatakan jenis sebatian yang terhasil.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound in (d) (i).
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian dalam (d) (i).

[2 marks]

32
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL PULAU PINANG 2009

1 Figure 1 shows the atomic symbol of carbon and oxygen elements.

12 14 16
6C 6C 8O

Figure 1

Based on Figure 1, answer the following questions:

(a) What is represented by:

(i) the number 12 of the atom of element C?

____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) the number 8 of the atom of element O?

____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b) (i) What is meant by isotopes?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) State which atoms are isotopes of the same element.

____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

14
(iii) State one use of the element 6 C.

____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

16
(c) (i) How many electrons are present in atom 8 O?

____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

33
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(ii) Write the electron arrangement for the atom in (c) (i).

____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(d) Carbon and oxygen are located in the same period in the Periodic Table.
State the period and explain your answer.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

34
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

35 37
7 (a) Element Y has two isotopes 17 Cl and 17 Cl .

(i) Determine the number of neutrons in both atoms of element Y.

[2 marks]

(ii) State two similarities and two differences that can be obtained from
both atoms of element Y.
[4 marks]

(b) X is a substance that has melting point of 43oC and boiling

point of 89oC.

(i) Sketch a graph of temperature against time when substance

X is heated from 30oC to 80oC.
[2 marks]

(ii) Compare in terms of arrangement of particles, force of attraction and

kinetic energy when substance X is at 30oC and 80oC.
[6 marks]

(c) Tobacco leaves contain nicotine that can cause addiction. F4C3
Chemical analysis reveals that nicotine contains 74.10 % carbon,
8.64 % hydrogen and 17.26 % nitrogen.

Given the relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14

(i) Determine the empirical formula of nicotine.

[3 marks]

(ii) If the relative molecular mass of nicotine is 162, determine

the molecular formula of nicotine.
[3 marks]

35
 FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL MELAKA 2009

1 Diagram 1.1 shows the set up of apparatus to determine the melting point of substance P.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menentukan takat lebur
bahan P.

Thermometer

Termometer

Water

Air Substance P

Bahan P

Diagram 1.1

Diagram 1.1

(a) What is meant by melting point? 1(a)

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur?
1(a)(ii)
1
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State one mistake made in the diagram above.
Nyatakan satu kesilapan dalam gambarajah di atas.
1(b)
…………………………………………………………………………………...

1
…………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

The temperature of substance P was recorded at regular intervals of 30 seconds.

Table 1.1 shows the result obtained during the heating process.
Suhu bagi bahan P telah direkodkan pada sela masa 30 saat.
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi semasa proses pemanasan
dijalankan.

36
 FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

Time/ s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

Masa / s
Temperature / oC 100 110 118 122 122 122 128 135 140
Suhu / oC

Table 1.1

Jadual 1.1

(c) Draw the graph of temperature against time for the heating process of substance P. 1(c)
Lukis graf suhu melawan masa bagi pemanasan bahan P.
[4 mark]
4

` (d) (i) From the graph, determine the melting point of substance P.
Daripada graf, tentukan takat lebur bagi bahan P. 1(d)(i)

......................................................................................................................
1
[1 mark]

(ii) What is the state of matter of substance P at 120 seconds.

Apakah keadaan jirim bahan P pada 120 saat. 1(d)(ii)

.......................................................................................................................
1
[1 mark]

(e) The temperature of substance P remains constant at 90 seconds to 150

seconds. Explain why.
Suhu bahan P kekal tidak berubah pada 90 saat hingga 150 saat. Terangkan
mengapa.
1(e)
.......................................................................................................................

2
....................................................................................................................... [2
marks]
Total A1

10

37
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

38
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL KEDAH 2009

1 Table 1 shows the proton number and nucleon number for atoms P, Q and R.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom P, Q dan R.

Atom Proton number Nucleon number

P 16 32
Q 17 35
R 17 37
Table 1

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ?

...............................................................................……………................…
[1 mark]

(ii) What is the number of neutrons in atom Q ?

Apakah bilangan neutron dalam atom Q?
................................
.................................................................…………………………

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain your answer.

Atom- atom yang manakah adalah isotop? Terangkan jawapan anda.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................……………………
[2 marks]

(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement for atom R.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom R.

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

39
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement of atom R.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom R.

[2 marks]

(iii) State the number of valence electrons for atom R.

Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens bagi atom R.

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iv) Write the formula of ion formed from atom R.

Tuliskan formula ion yang terbentuk daripada atom R.

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(v) State how the ion in (c)(iv) is formed.

Nyatakan bagaimana ion dalam (c)(iv) terbentuk.

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

40
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL JOHOR 2009

2 Diagram 2.1 shows the heating curve of solid naphthalene, C10H8.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan pepejal naftalena, C10H8.

Temperature
/ 0C D

B
T1
C

T0 A

Time / s
0

Diagram 2.1

Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name the process involved in this experiment.

Namakan proses yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah ]
(ii) State the type of particle present in naphthalene, C10H8.
Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam naftalena, C10H8 .

.........................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) Explain why there is no change in temperature from B to C

Terangkan mengapa tiada perubahan suhu dari B ke C
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) State how the movement of naphthalene particles changes from C to D during

41
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

heating.

Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah-zarah naftalena berubah semasa

pemanasan dari C ke D.

.................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the atomic model proposed by Neils Bohr.
X
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan model atom yang dicadangkan oleh Neils Bohr.

Diagram 2.2

Rajah 2.2
i) Name X and Y.
Namakan X dan Y.

X : ...................................... Y : ..........................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

ii) Which subatomic particles are involved in a chemical reaction?

Zarah-zarah sub-atom yang manakah terlibat dalam tindak balas kimia?

.......................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

42
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(e) Table 2 shows the number of protons and neutrons of four different atoms.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutron bagi empat atom yang
berlainan.

Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons

Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron

W 16 17
X 16 16
Y 3 4
Z 19 20
Table 2
Jadual 2

i) Which atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop?
.................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e) (i).

Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (e) (i).

......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

43
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL PERLIS 2010

1. Diagram 1 shows the symbols which represent four elements W, Q, R and S.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili empat unsur W, Q, R dan S.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) (i) What is the nucleon number for W?

Apakah nombor nukleon bagi W?

……………………………………………………….....…………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the electron arrangement of atom W.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.
.……………………………………………………………………………....
………
[1 mark]

(iii) State the position of element R in Periodic Table of Elements. Explain your
answer.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur R dalam Jadual Berkala Berkala. Jelaskan jawapan anda.

…………………………………………………………………..……………………
……………………………………………………………………..
………………
……………………………………………………………………..
………………
[3 marks]

(b) (i) State the atoms that are isotopes.

Nyatakan atom – atom yang merupakan isotop.

...................
………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

44
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(ii) State the reason for your answer in (b)(i).

Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).
…………………………………………………...
…………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(c)Which elements in Diagram 1 is a monoatomic gas?

Explain your answer.
Antara unsur–unsur dalam Rajah 1, yang manakah gas monoatom?
Terangkan jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………………...…………..
…

………………………………………………………………………………………...……..
……

………………………………………………………………………………………….....
………
[2 marks]

45
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

10. a) Isotopes have important uses in our daily lives, for example in medicine,
industry, Agriculture and archeology.
Choose two of the above examples.
State an isotope and its purposes in each example that you have chosen.

Isotop mempunyai kegunaan yang penting dalam kehidupan harian, contohnya dalam
bidang perubatan, industri, peretanian dan arkeologi.
Pilih dua contoh di atas.
Nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang anda pilih.
[4 marks]

b) Table 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of compound X and Y.

Jadual 10. menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian X dan Y.

Compound Electron arrangement

Sebatian Susunan elektron

+ _

P+ R-

R Q R
Y

Table 10.1

Jadual 10.1

(i) Based on Table 10.1, determine the types of compound X and Y.

Berdasarkan Jadual 10.1, tentukan jenis sebatian X dan Y.
[2 marks]

46
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(ii) Compound X and compound Y have different physical properties.

Choose one of the physical properties that can differentiate between compound
X and Y.
Explain the difference in the physical properties between compound X and Y.

Sebatian X dan sebatian Y mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza.

Plih satu sifat fizik tersebut yang dapat membezakan antara sebatian X and Y.
Terangkan perbezaan sifat fizik tersebut di antara sebatian X dan Y.
[4 marks]

c) Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, Y and Z. These
letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom-atom W, X, Y and Z. Huruf-
huruf ini bukanlah merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.

Element Electron arrangement

Unsur Susunan elektron
W 2.4
X 2.6
Y 2.8.1
Z 2.8.2

Table 10.2
Jadual 10.2

Using the information in Table 10.2, choose any two elements and explain
how ionic and covalent compound are formed.
Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 10.2, pilih mana-mana dua unsur dan terangkan
bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen terbentuk.

[10 marks]

47
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2010

1 Table 1 shows the proton number, number of electron and number of neutron of particles of
elements X, Y and Z.
X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton, bilangan elektron dan bilangan neutron bagi zarah
unsur X, Y dan Z.
X, Y dan Z bukanlah mewakili simbol unsur sebenar.

Particle Proton number Number of electron Number of neutron

Zarah Nombor proton Bilangan elektron Bilangan neutron
X 6 6 8

Y 7 7 7

Z 11 10 12

Table / Jadual 1

(a) What is meant by proton number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(b) State which subatomic particle that is the lightest.

Nyatakan zarah subatom yang paling ringan.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) W is an isotope of X.
W ialah isotop bagi X.

(i) State the number of proton of W.

Nyatakan bilangan proton bagi W.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ii) Does W have the same chemical properties with X? Give a reason.
Adakah W mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama dengan X? Beri satu sebab.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

48
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(d) (i) What is the nucleon number of Y?

Apakah nombor nukleon bagi Y?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ii) Draw the atomic structure of Y.

Lukiskan struktur atom bagi Y.

[1 mark]

(e) (i) Write the electron arrangement of particle Z.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi zarah Z.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ii) State the charge of particle Z.

Nyatakan cas bagi zarah Z.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

49
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL KELANTAN 2010

1 (a) Table 1 shows the information of atoms P, Q and R.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R

Number of protons Number of neutrons Nucleon Number

Atom
Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron Nombor Nukleon
P 12 12 24
Q 17 35
R 20 20 40
Table 1
Jadual 1
(i) What is meant by nucleon number?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]

(ii) State the number of neutrons for element Q .

Nyatakan bilangan neutron bagi unsur Q.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]
(iii) Draw and label the atomic structure of atom P.
Lukis dan labelkan struktur atom bagi atom P.

[ 2 marks]
(iv) State the number of electrons for element R.
Nyatakan bilangan elektron bagi unsur R.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]

(b) Table 2 shows the temperature from an experiment to determine the freezing point of

50
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

naphthalene.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan suhu daripada satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat beku
naftalena.

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Temperature (oC) 95 85 82 80 80 80 80 70
Table 2
Jadual 2
(i) On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of temperature against time for the
cooling of naphthalene.
Pada kertas graf yang disediakan, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukan
naftalena.
[ 3 marks]
(ii) Using the graph in (b), determine the freezing point of naphthalene. Show on the graph
how you determine this freezing point.
Menggunakan graf di (b), tentukan takat beku naftalena. Tunjukkan pada graf
bagaimana anda menentukan takat beku ini.
[ 1 mark]

51
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2 16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

16
V
15
14
13
W
12
R
11
S
10
9
8
P Q
7

6
T U

Graph for Question 1

5
4
J M
3
2
K
1
L

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 x

52
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

7 (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of ion W 3-.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi ion W3-.

3-

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
(i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom W.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the position for atom W in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Give a reason for your answer.
Nyatakan kedudukan bagi atom W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur
Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
(b) (i) Rubidium, Rb, is located below sodium, Na, in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. Predict
two observations when rubidium reacts with water.
Rubidium, Rb, terletak di bawah natrium, Na, dalam Kumpulan 1 Jadual Berkala.
Ramalkan dua pemerhatian apabila rubidium bertindak balas dengan air.
[2 marks]

(ii ) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between rubidium and water.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara rubidium dan air.
[2 marks]

(iii) State one precaution that must be taken in handling Group 1 elements.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil dalam pengendalian unsur
Kumpulan 1.
[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows four compounds.

● Magnesium oxide, MgO
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan empat sebatian.
Magnesium oksida, MgO
● Ethanol, C2H5OH

Etanol, C2H5OH
● Hexane, C6H14

Heksana, C6H14 53
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2

(i) Based on Diagram 7.2, classify each of the compounds into ionic compound and
covalent compounds.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 , kelaskan setiap sebatian itu kepada sebatian ion dan
sebatian kovalen.
[2 marks]

(ii) Choose one of the ionic and one of the covalent compounds given in (c) (i) and state
two differences in their physical properties.
Explain the differences.
Pilih satu sebatian ionik dan satu sebatian kovalen yang diberi dalam (c) (i) dan
nyatakan dua perbezaan dalam sifat fiziknya.
Terangkan perbezaan itu.
[8 marks]

54
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL PERAK 2010

2 Graph 2 shows the temperature against time when solid P is heated.

Graf 2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi pemanasan pepejal P.
Temperature / oC

Suhu / oC

200

136

83

28

t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 Time / s

Graph 2 Masa /s
(a) Based on Graph 2 , answer the following questions:
Berdasarkan Graf 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut :

(i) What is meant by melting point ?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur ?
.......................................................................................................

.............................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) State the melting point of substance P .

Nyatakan takat lebur bahan P.

.......................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State the physical state of P from time t1 to t2.
Nyatakan keadaan fizik P dari masa t1 hingga t2.

.......................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]
(iv) Explain why the temperature remains constant from time t1 to t2.
Terangkan kenapa suhu tidak berubah dari masa t1 hingga t2.

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

.............................................................................................. [2 marks]

55
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(v) Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus used by a student to

determine the melting point of substance P.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan oleh seorang
pelajar untuk menentukan takat lebur bahan P.

Ethanol
Etanol

Solid P
Bahan P
Heat /
panaskan

Diagram 2
Identify one mistake in the diagram. Explain why.
Kenalpasti satu kesilapan dalam rajah tersebut. Jelaskan mengapa.

......................................................................................................

.............................................................................................. [2 marks]

(b) When solid iodine is heated, it changes to purple fume.

Apabila pepejal iodin dipanaskan , ia bertukar ke wasap ungu.

(i) Name the process involved.

Namakan proses yang terlibat.

.......................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Name one isotope of iodine and state its use.
Namakan satu isotop untuk iodin dan nyatakan kegunaannya.
.......................................................................................................

.................................................................................................[2 marks]

56
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL PAHANG 2010

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic model proposed by Neils Bohr

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan model atom yang dicadangkan oleh Neils Bohr.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

i) Name X and Y

Namakan X dan Y

X :……………………………… Y : …………………………
[1mark]
[1 markah]

ii) Which subatomic particles are involved in a chemical reaction ?

Zarah-zarah sub-atom yang manakah terlibat dalam tindak balas

kimia?

………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
b) Table 1.1 shows the proton number and nucleon number for atom P, Q and R.

Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi atom P, Q dan R.

Atom Proton number Nucleon number

P 16 32
Q 17 35
R 17 37

Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1

57
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(i) What is meant by proton number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton?

.................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) What is the number of neutrons in atom Q ?

Berapakah bilangan neutron dalam atom Q?

.................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(iii) Write the electron arrangement for atom R

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom R.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(iv) Draw the electron arrangement of atom R.

Lukiskan susunan electron bagi atom R.

.................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(v) State the number of valence electrons for atom R.

Nyatakan bilangan electron valens bagi atom R

.................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) Table 1.2 shows the number of protons and neutrons of four
different atoms.

Jadual 1.2 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutron bagi empat atom
yang berlainan

Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons

Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron
A 16 17

58
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

B 16 16
C 3 4
D 19 20

(i) Which atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop?

………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (c) (i).

Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (c) (i).

......................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

59
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL NEGERI SEMBILAN 2010

1 (a) Diagram 1.1 shows a process occurs on iodine in a gas jar.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu proses berlaku pada iodin di dalam balang gas.

After a few hours

Selepas beberapa jam Iodine gas
Gas iodin

Iodine Iodine solid

Pepejal iodin

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(i) Name the process.

Namakan proses itu.

.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the type of particle in iodine.
Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam iodin.

.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii) Write the chemical formula for iodine.
Tulis formula kimia bagi iodin.

……………...…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

60
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(iv) Draw the arrangement of iodine particles in solid state and gaseous state.
Lukis susunan zarah-zarah iodin dalam keadaan pepejal dan keadaan gas.

Solid Gas
Pepejal Gas
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) (i) The gas jar contains iodine solid is immersed in hot water.
State the rate of physical change of iodine.
Balang gas mengandungi pepejal iodin direndamkan dalam air panas.
Nyatakan kadar perubahan fizikal bagi iodin.

…………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in b(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.
Terangkan jawapan anda di b(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.

…………………………………..………………………………………...
…………..
……………………………………..…………………………………...
…………….
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) Diagram 1.2 shows diffusion occurs when the cover is removed.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan resapan berlaku bila penutup dialihkan.

Gas P Mixture of gas P and Q

Campuran gas P dan gas Q
Cover
Penutup

Gas Q

61
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
(i) State the meaning of diffusion.
Nyatakan maksud resapan.

………….……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) The colour of gas Q is brown while gas P is colourless.

Mixture of gas P and Q is produced when the cover is removed.
State the colour of the mixture.
Warna gas Q ialah perang manakala gas P tak berwarna.
Campuran gas P dan Q dihasilkan apabila penutup dialihkan.
Nyatakan warna bagi campuran itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

62
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

63
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2008

2 Table 2 shows the proton numbers of elements X, Y and Z.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur X, Y dan Z.

Elements/ Proton Numbers/

Unsur Nombor Proton
X 12
Y 8
Z 6

Table 2 / Jadual 2

a) Write the electron arrangement for atom X

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
b) X and Y react to form a compound
X dan Y bertindakbalas membentuk satu sebatian

i) What type of bond holds atom X and Y together?

Apakah jenis ikatan yang terbentuk antara atom X dan Y

……………………………………………………………………….………
[1 mark]

ii) What will happen to atom X during the formation of the compound with
atom Y? Explain why.
Apakah yang akan berlaku ke atas atom X semasa pembentukan sebatian
dengan atom Y ? Terangkan mengapa

………………………………………………………………………...............

………………………………………………………………………...............

…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
iii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed in (b)(ii)
Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan electron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk di (b)(ii).

[2 marks]

64
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

iv) State one physical property of the compound formed

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

…………………………………………………………….................................
[1 mark]

c) Z can react with Y to form a compound.

Z boleh bertindakbalas dengan Y untuk membentuk satu sebatian.

i) What is the molecular formula of the compound formed?

Apakah formula molekul sebatian yang terbentuk?

……………………………………………………………………….............
[1 mark]

ii) What is the relative molecular mass of the compound in c(i).

[ Given that relative atomic mass Z = 12; Y= 16]
Apakah jisim molekul relatif sebatian yang terbentuk di (c)(i)
[ Diberi jisim molekul relatif Z = 12 ; Y = 16 ]

………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

iii) Name another compound that has the same physical properties as the
compound formed.
Namakan satu sebatian lain yang mempunyai sifat fizik seperti sebatian yang
terbentuk.

………………………………………………………………………….....
[ 1 mark]

65
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL PAHANG 2008

1. Table 1 shows the atomic structure of six elements. A,B,C,D,E and F are not the
actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi enam unsur. A,B,C,D,E dan F bukan
merupakan simbol sebenar bagi unsur tersebut.

Element Proton Neutron Electrons

Unsur Proton Neutron Elektron
A 6 6 6
B 6 8 6
C 8 10 8
D 11 12 11
E 18 22 18
F 20 20 18

Table 1
Jadual 1

Use information from Table 1 to answer the following questions.

Guna maklumat daripada Jadual 1 bagi menjawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(i) State one element that exists as a positive ion?

Nyatakan satu unsur yang wujud sebagai ion positif?

…………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

(ii) State the electron arrangement of the element mentioned in 1(i).

Nyatakan susunan elektron bagi unsur yang dinyatakan di 1(i)

………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark]
(iii) State the element that exist as a noble gas?
Nyatakan unsur yang wujud sebagai gas nadir?

………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

(iv) Explain why element in 1(iii) does not react with other elements.
Jelaskan mengapa unsur di 1(iii) tidak bertindakbalas dengan unsur lain.

.................................................................................................

................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]

66
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(v) Which elements exists as diatomic molecule?

Unsur yang manakan wujud sebagai molekul dwiatom?

…………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

(vi) Draw the arrangement of particles in the substance in 1(v) that exists at room
temperature and pressure.
Lukis susunan zarah bagi bahan di 1(v) yang wujud pada tekanan dan suhu
bilik.

[ 1 mark]

(vii)Write the chemical equation of the reaction for the compound formed between
element C and D.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas untuk pembentukkan sebatian
daripada unsur C dan D.

…………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 mark]

(viii) What is meant by isotope?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ix) Which of the elements in the table above are isotopes?

Yang manakah unsur dalam jadual d iatas merupakan isotop?

………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

67
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

9.

Element Proton number

Unsur Nombor proton
X 6
Q 8
Y 12
Z 17

Table 9
Jadual 9

Table 9 shows the proton number of element X, Y and Z.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur X,Y dan Z.

(a) Element Y when burnt in a gas jar filled with gas Z, produces a white solid.
Unsur Y dibakar dalam tabung gas yang dipenuhi oleh gas Z, mengeluarkan
pepejal putih.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between gas Z and
element Y.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas antara gas Z dengan unsur Y.
[2 marks]

(ii) State three physical properties of the white solid produced.

Nyatakan tiga sifat fizik bagi pepejal putih yang dihasilkan.

[3 marks]

(b) (i) State the position of element Q in the Periodic table

of element.
Ramalkan kedudukan unsur Q dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
[ 1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i)
Jelaskan jawapan anda di (b)(i).

[2 marks]

(c) Explain how chemical bonds are formed between

Jelaskan bagaimana ikatan terbentuk antara

(i) Element X and Q [6 marks]

Unsur X dan Q

(ii) Element Y and Z [6 marks]

Unsur Y dan Z

68
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL SBP 2008

1. Table 1 shows the number of proton, electrons and neutrons for atom W, X, Y and Z.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton, elektron dan neutron bagi atom W, X, Y dan Z.

Number of protons Number of neutrons

Atom
Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron
W 8 9
X 8 10
Y 12 12
Z 11 12
Table 1
Jadual 1

(a) (i) What is meant by nucleon number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon?

................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
(ii) What is the nucleon number of atom W ?
Apakah Nombor Nukleon bagi atom W ?

………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]
A
(b) Write the symbol of atom Y in the form of ZY .
A
Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Y dalam bentuk ZY .

.......................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Z.
Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom Z.

.............................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
(ii) What is the number of valance electrons in atom Z.
Apakah bilangan electron valen bagi atom Z.

.............................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]

69
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(d) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.

Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop? Jelaskan mengapa.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks]

(e) Solid Q is a compound of element W. Solid Q has melting point of 85 0C and

boiling point of 150 0C. A boiling tube containing solid Q is heated at room
temperature until 180 0C.
Pepejal Q ialah satu sebatian daripada unsur W. Pepejal Q mempunyai takat
lebur pada 85 0C dan takat didih pada 150 0C. Sebuah tabung didih yang
mengandungi pepejal Q telah dipanaskan daripada suhu bilik sehingga 180
0
C.

(i) Sketch a graph of temperature against time during the heating.

Lakarkan satu graf suhu melawan masa bagi pemanasan tersebut.

[ 2 marks]
O
(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance Q at 50 C.
Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah bahan Q pada 50 oC.

[ 1 mark]

70
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

8. Table 8 shows the proton number of atoms of elements W, X, Y and Z.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur-unsur W, X, Y dan Z.

Element Proton Number

Unsur Nombor proton
W 1
X 3
Y 8
Z 6
Table 8
Jadual 8

(a) State the arrangement of elements X, Y and Z in the order of increasing atomic radius.
Explain your answer.
Nyatakan susunan bagi unsur-unsur X, Y dan Z mengikut jejari atom menaik
Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]

(b) The reaction between elements X and Y form a chemical compound.

Explain the formation of this compound.
Tindak balas antara unsur –unsur X dan Y membentuk suatu sebatian kimia.
Terangkan pembentukan sebatian ini.
[6 marks]

(c) The reaction between elements Z and W form another chemical compound.
Tindak balas antara unsur –unsur Z dan W membentuk sebatian kimia lain.

(i) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
[2 marks]

(ii) Compare two physical properties below for the compounds formed in (b) and (c).
 Melting point
 Electric conductivity.
Explain the differences in each physical property.

Bandingkan sifat fizikal di bawah bagi sebatian-sebatian di (b) dan (c)

 Takat lebur
 Kekonduksian elektrik
Terang perbezaan dalam setiap sifat fizikal tersebut.
[8 marks]

71
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL KEDAH 2008

4. Table 4 shows the proton number of two elements X and Y.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur X dan Y.

Element Proton number

X 6
Y 11
TABLE 4
(a) Draw the atomic structure of atom X.
Lukis struktur atom bagi atom X.

[1 mark]

(b) (i) Atom of element X has isotopes. What is meant by isotopes?

Atom unsur X mempunyai isotop. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

…………………………………………………………………….………

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) State one example of an isotope.

Nyatakan satu contoh isotop.

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) (i) Atom of element Y has a nucleon number of 23. Calculate the number of
neutrons in atom Y.
Atom unsur Y mempunyai nombor nukleon 23. Hitungkan bilangan neutron
bagi atom Y.

……………………………..………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the standard representation of atom Y.

Tuliskan simbol atom Y.

……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

72
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

(d) Methanol is an organic compound with melting point of –97 oC and boiling point of 65
o
C.
Etanol ialah satu sebatian organik dengan takat lebur – 97 oC dan takat didih 65 oC.

(i) What is the physical state of methanol at room temperature?

Apakah keadaan fizik bagi metanol pada suhu bilik?

……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of methanol at 100 oC.

Lukiskan susunan zarah metanol pada 100 oC.

[1 mark]

(iii) State how the movement of methanol particles changes when heated from
room temperature to 100 oC.
Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah-zarah metanol berubah apabila
dipanaskan dari suhu bilik ke 100 oC.

…………………………………………….……………………………….
[1 mark]

(iv) Sketch the graph of temperature against time when methanol is heated from
room temperature to 100 oC.
Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila metanol dipanaskan daripada suhu
ke 100 oC. oC
bilikTemperature/
Suhu/ oC

Time/ min
Masa/ min [2 marks]

73
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL SELANGOR 2008

7. (a) Table 4.1 shows the proton numbers of elements Y and Z .

Jadual 4.1 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur Y dan Z

Element [Unsur] Proton number [Nombor proton]

Y 3
Z 11

Table 4.1 [Jadual 4.1]

(i) State the position of element Y in the Periodic Table of elements and explain your
answer.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur Y dalam Jadual Berkala dan jelaskan jawapan anda
[ 4 marks]

(ii) When element Y and element Z are placed in basins of water, Z moves vigorously on
the water surface and emits a ‘hiss’ sound while Y moves slowly on the water
surface.
Explain the observation in terms of electron arrangement.

Apabila unsur Y dan unsur Z dimasukkan dalam bekas berisi air yang berlainan, Z
bergerak dengan pantas di atas permukaan air dan menghasilkan bunyi ‘hiss’
manakala Y bergerak perlahan di atas permukaan air.
Terangkan pemerhatian ini dengan merujuk kepada susunan elektron.
[ 5 marks]

(b) (i) Table 4.2 shows the group and period of atoms Q and R in the Periodic Table of
elements.
Jadual 4.2 menunjukkan kumpulan dan kala untuk atom Q dan R dalam Jadual
Berkala.

Element/Unsur Group/Kumpulan Period/Kala

Q 2 3
R 17 3

Table 4.2 [Jadual 4.2]

Elements Q and R can react to form a chemical compound X.

State the type of bond formed and write the chemical formula of the compound X.
Unsur Q dan R boleh bertindakbalas membentuk sebatian kimia X .
Nyatakan jenis ikatan dan tuliskan formula kimia sebatian X yang terbentuk.

[ 2 marks]

74
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

ii)
Compound X conducts electricity in the molten state.
Sebatian X boleh mengkonduksikan arus elektrik dalam keadaan
leburan.

Describe an experiment to prove the above statement. Your answer must include the
following items:
Huraikan satu eksperimen yang membuktikan pernyataan diatas. Jawapan anda
mesti mengandungi item berikut :

 Diagram for the set up of apparatus

Gambarajah susunan radas

 Procedure
Prosedur
 Observation
Pemerhatian

 Conclusion
Kesimpulan
[9 marks]

75
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL SELANGOR 2008

1. Table 1 shows the proton number of four elements : hydrogen, fluorine, magnesium and
phosphorous.
Jadual 1 meununjukkan nombor proton bagi empat unsur: hydrogen, fluorin, magnesium dan
fosforus
Element [Elemen ] Proton Number [Nombor Proton]
H 1
F 9
Mg 12
P 15

Table 1 [Jadual 1]

(a) State the number of valence electrons in phosphorus.

Nyatakan bilangan electron valens bagi fosforus.

………………………………………………………………………………………...…............
[1 mark]

(b) Hydrogen and phosphorus combine to form a compound known as phosphine

Hidrogen dan fosforus membentuk sebatian yang dikenali sebagai fosfin

(i) State the type of bond formed in phosphine

Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang terbentuk dalam fosfin

…………………………………………………………………………………………...….
[1 mark]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the bond formation in phosphine.

Lukiskan susunan elektron pembentukan ikatan dalam fosfin .

76
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

[2 marks]
(c) Explain why phosphine has a low boiling point.
Terangkan mengapa fosfin mempunyai takat lebur yang rendah.

………………………………………………………………………………………...…............
[1 mark]

(d) Magnesium reacts with fluorine to form compound X.

Magnesium bertindak balas dengan fluorin untuk membentuk sebatian X

(i) Write the chemical formula of compound X.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian X .

...……………………………………………………………………..………...…............
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and fluorine gas.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dan gas fluorin.

…………………...…………………………………………………..………...…............
[1 mark]

(iii) Magnesium reacts with fluorine gas to form compound X.

Calculate the volume of fluorine gas required to react with 6.0 g of magnesium at s.t.p.
[Molar volume of gas = 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at s.t.p]

Magnesium bertindak balas dengan gas fluorin untuk membentuk sebatian X.

Hitungkan isipadu gas fluorin yang diperlukan untuk bertindakbalas dengan 6.0 g
magnesium pada s.t.p
[ Isipadu molar gas = 22.4 dm3 mol – 1 pada s.t.p]

77
 FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

TRIAL KUCHING 2008

1 (a) Table 1 shows five atoms of elements labelled A, B, C, D and E.

Atom Proton number Number of electrons Nucleon number

A 11 11 23
B 17 17 35
C 17 17 37
D 18 18 40
E 20 20 40
Table 1
Answer the following questions based on the information given in Table 1 by using
the letters as symbols of the elements. These letters are not the actual symbols
of the element.
1 (a)(i)
(a) (i) Among the atoms A, B, C, D and E, which are isotopes?

1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
1 (a)(ii)
(ii) Give a reason for your answer given in (a)(i).
1
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
1 (a)(iii) (iii) Do the isotopes show the same chemical properties? Explain your answer.

2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
1 (b) (b) What is the number of valence electrons for element C ?

1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
1 (c)(i)
(c) Both elements A and B are in the same period in the Periodic Table.
(i) Which period are they in?
1
………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (c)(ii) [ 1 mark ]
(ii) Give your reason.
1
………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (d) [ 1 mark ]
(d) Explain why atom D is very unreactive towards any chemical.
1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1 (e)
[ 1 mark ]
Total (e) Name the type of chemical bond for the compound formed between C and E.
1
…………………………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark ]
9

78
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

JOHOR TRIAL 2008

1 Diagram 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent four elements W, X, Y and Z.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili empat unsur iaitu unsur W, X, Y dan Z.

12 7 14 40

W X Y Z

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) State the number of electrons and neutrons in atom Z.

Nyatakan bilangan elektron dan neutron dalam atom Z.

Number of electrons: …………. Number of neutrons: ………

Bilangan elektron : Bilangan neutron:
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) (i ) Define nucleon number.

Takrifkan nombor nukleon.

………………....………………………………………………………………...

..………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) State the nucleon number of atom Z.

Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi atom Z.

........…………………………………………………………...............................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom X.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

…………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement of atom X to show the position of protons, neutrons

79
FORM 4 CHAPTER 2

and electrons in the atom.

Lukis susunan elektron bagi atom X untuk menunjukkan kedudukan proton, neutron
dan elektron dalam atom.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(d) (i) Which two elements are isotopes?

Dua unsur yang manakah merupakan isotop?

…………………………………………………………………….......................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Explain why isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.
Terangkan mengapa isotop sesuatu unsur mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama.

…………….……………………………………..………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(iii) Give one usage of the isotope mentioned in (d) (i).

Beri satu kegunaan isotop yang dinyatakan dalam jawapan (d) (i).

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

80