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Naming Compounds

The document discusses the writing and naming of substances including elements, atoms, molecules, ions, compounds, and acids. It provides information on: 1) Elements being the simplest type of matter with unique properties and consisting of only one kind of atom. 2) Atoms being the smallest particle of a substance that can exist alone or be combined with other atoms, represented by an element. 3) Molecules being composed of two or more atoms, with some elements existing as diatomic molecules like H2, O2, and N2. 4) Ions being atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge, and the naming conventions for monoatomic and polyatomic ions.

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51 views34 pages

Naming Compounds

The document discusses the writing and naming of substances including elements, atoms, molecules, ions, compounds, and acids. It provides information on: 1) Elements being the simplest type of matter with unique properties and consisting of only one kind of atom. 2) Atoms being the smallest particle of a substance that can exist alone or be combined with other atoms, represented by an element. 3) Molecules being composed of two or more atoms, with some elements existing as diatomic molecules like H2, O2, and N2. 4) Ions being atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge, and the naming conventions for monoatomic and polyatomic ions.

Uploaded by

Dyn Galsim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Writing and Naming

of Substances
Lesson 3
ELEMENT 01 simplest type of matter
with unique physical and
chemical properties
02 only one kind of atom

03 has a name
ATOM
• smallest particle of a
substance that can exist
by itself or be combined
with other atoms.
• represented by an
element
MOLECULES
• are composed of two or more
atoms.
• there are other elements that
exist in nature as molecules.
The following diatomic
molecules are as follows; H2,
N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2.
PowerPoint
Presentation
Atoms and molecules are
electrically neutral; that is, they
have equal numbers of protons
and electrons. However, when
an atom acquires a net charge,
it becomes an ion.
An ion is an atom or a group of atoms
having a positive or negative charge.
Positive ion means Cation(+), it results
from the loss of one or more electrons.
For example, sodium ions (Na+), usually
all metals give off electrons.
On the other hand, Anion(-) means
negative ion it results from the gain
of one or more electrons, usually, all
non-metals loves to accept
electrons, for example, chlorine ions
(Cl ).
-
IONS CAN BE:
MONOATOMIC
POLYATOMIC
Monoatomic are named based on the element.
a. For cations
-> the name of the element is unchanged.
-> If the element can form two ions of different
charges, the name which is usually derived from its
Latin name, is modified by the suffix (-ic) for the ion
with the higher charge, and (-ous) for that with the
lower charge.
Example: Cu+ - Cuprous ion or Copper (I)
Cu2+ - Cupric ion or Copper (II)
Monoatomic are named based on the element.

b. For anions -> the name of the element


is modified by the suffix (-ide).

Example: H-=Hydride ion


O2- = Oxide ion
POLYATOMIC

b. For anions ->

the name of the element is modified by the suffix Several anions are
polyatomic and are named based on the atomic constituents and the
suffix -ide.
The most common examples are:
OH- - Hydroxide ion
CN- - Cyanide ion
POLYATOMIC
b. For anions
Polyatomic anions containing oxygen atoms are named based on
the root word of the central (or non-oxygen) atom and the suffix -ate
for the one with more oxygen atoms and -ite for the one with less
oxygen atom.
Examples:
NO3- - Nitrate ion
NO2- - Nitrite ion
SO32- - Sulfite ion
SO42- - Sulfate ion
PO43- - Phosphate ion
Some polyatomic ions
contain oxygen atoms and are named in
a special way

ate – 1 more oxygen atom


ite – 1 fewer oxygen atom
-1
­ nitrate
NO3
nitrite
-1
NO2 ­
The prefix hypo – means under or too
little Hypochlorite
ClO -1­

ClO2 -1­ Chlorite

ClO3 -1­ Chlorate

ClO4 -1­ Perchlorate


He prefix per means hyper – means
above or too much
POLYATOMIC
b. For anions

Some anions have common names ending


with the suffix -ate.

C2H3O2- - Acetate ion


C2O42- - Oxalate ion
Are substances formed when two or more
elements combine through a chemical
change. Sodium chloride, sugar, and water
are examples of compounds. Another
feature of a compound is that its properties
are different from the properties of its
compound elements.

Compounds
Example: soft, silvery sodium metal and
yellow-green, poisonous chlorine gas is
very different from the compound they
form- white, crystalline sodium chloride, or
table salt. Unlike an element, a compound
can be broken down into simpler
substances.

Compounds
COMPOUNDS

Binary compounds are made up of two


elements. It is classified into two, Ionic and
Molecular compounds.
 
Ionic compounds- made up of cation and an
anion.
COMPOUNDS
Rules of naming: Name of cation + name of the
anion.
Example:
NaI – Sodium iodide
MgCl2- Magnesium chloride
FeS – Iron (III) sulfide
K2O – Potassium oxide
COMPOUNDS
Example:
K and Br = KBr
+ -

(cation =potassium) and (anion= bromine)


= potassium bromide
Al3+ and O2- = Al2O3
COMPOUNDS
Moreover, certain metals, especially transition metals
can form more than one type of ions. The name of
the formula can be written through a classic system,
the use of suffix”-ous” for lower charge and –“ic” for
higher charge. On the other hand, Stock system,
uses Roman numbers (I, II, III, IV) to express the
charge.
 
COMPOUNDS
Example of classic system:
Fe = “-ous” – ferrous ion
2+

Fe 3+ = “-ic” - ferric ion

Example of Stock system:


FeCl2 = Iron (II) chloride
FeCl3 = Iron (III) chloride
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Made up of two non-metals that are usually gases.
Rules of naming: Name of the first non-metal + second
non-metal with modified ending suffix (-ide)
Example:
HCl – Hydrogen chloride
CO2 – Carbon dioxide
SO3 – Sulfur trioxide
N2O5 -- Dinitrogen pentoxide
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

In addition, molecular compounds used Greek


prefixes.
1 – mono 3 – tri 5 – penta 7 – hepta 9 – nona
2 – di 4 – tetra 6 – hexa 8 – octa 10 – deca
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Take note of the following:

The prefix “mono” may be omitted for the first element.


Example: PCl3 -> Phosphorous trichloride
For oxides, the ending “a” in the prefixes is sometimes
omitted.
Example: N2O4 -> Dinitrogen tetroxide; rather than,
dinitrogen tetraoxide.
 
TERNARY COMPOUNDS
• Made up of three elements, it follows the same rule
of binary ionic compounds. The name of the cation
is given first then followed by the name of the
anion.
Example:
Na+ and CO32- = Na2(CO3)
(sodium + carbonate) = Sodium carbonate
NaNO3 = Sodium nitrate
BaCrO4 = Barium chromate
K2SO4 = Potassium sulfate
ACIDS
Acids are substances that yield
or produce hydrogen ions (H ) +

when dissolved in water. A


formula of acids contains one or
more hydrogen atoms and an
anion.
ACIDS: BINARY ACIDS
are composed of hydrogen and another element,
usually non-metal. The first part of the name starts
with the prefix hydro- followed by the name of the
element, modified by the ending -ic. Then, the
second part consists of the word “acid”. Name =
hydro- (root name of the element) -ic + acid.
Examples:
HCl = Hydrochloric acid
H2S = Hydrosulfuric acid
HI = Hydroiodic acid
ACIDS: TERNARY ACIDS
Ternary Acids (Oxoacids) are made up of
hydrogen and an anion, usually containing oxygen.
The first part of the name consists of the root word
of the name of the element, modified by the ending
–ic. The second part consists of the word ‘acid’. If
there is another acid with the same atoms, the
suffix –ous are used to denote the one with lesser
number of atoms. Name = (root name of element)
-ic (or –ous) + acid.
ACIDS: TERNARY ACIDS
Oxoanion Example Oxoacids Example

per…ate ClO4- per…ic acid HClO4- (Perchloric acid)


(Perchlorate)
-ate ClO3- (Chlorate) -ic acid HClO3- (Chloric acid)

-ite ClO2- (Chlorite) -ous acid HClO2- (Chlorous acid)

hypo...ite ClO- Hypo…ous acid HClO- (Hypochlorous


(Hypochlorite) acid)
ACIDS: TERNARY ACIDS

HNO3 = Nitric acid


HNO2 = Nitrous acid
H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid
H2SO3 = Sulfurous acid
H3PO4 =Phosphoric acid
THANK YOU
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