Scribd
Upload
95 views22 pages

The Language and Relations and Functions

This document discusses relations and functions between sets. It provides examples of defining relations as subsets of ordered pairs between two sets and checking if relations satisfy properties of functions. Examples show defining relations based on formulas or diagrams and determining which relations are functions based on their properties.

Uploaded by

Caladhiel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
95 views22 pages

The Language and Relations and Functions

This document discusses relations and functions between sets. It provides examples of defining relations as subsets of ordered pairs between two sets and checking if relations satisfy properties of functions. Examples show defining relations based on formulas or diagrams and determining which relations are functions based on their properties.

Uploaded by

Caladhiel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

The Language and

Relations and
Functions
Relation
•Let
  be set. A relation from A to B is a
subset of . Given an ordered pair (x, y)
in x is related to y by R, written , if and
only if, (x, y) is in R. The set A is
called the domain of R and the set B is
called its co – domain.
•   Example 1(A Relation as a Subset):
Let and and define the relation R from A to B as
follows:
Given any
mean that is an integer

 
a. State explicitly which ordered pairs are in A x B
and which are in R.
b. Is ? Is ? Is ?
c. What are the domain and co – domain of R?
1. Let and
 
State explicitly which ordered pairs are in and
which are in R.
• State
  explicitly which ordered pairs are in A x B
and which are in R.
Note: mean that is an integer
 
𝑨 𝒙 𝑩={( 𝟏 ,𝟏 ) , ( 𝟏 , 𝟐 ) , ( 𝟏 , 𝟑 ) , ( 𝟐 , 𝟏 ) , ( 𝟐, 𝟐 ) ( 𝟐 ,𝟑 ) }
  (0 is an integer)

(-1/2 is not an integer)


Test all the ordered pairs if the answer is integer
 
𝑹 ={( 𝟏 , 𝟏 ) , ( 𝟏 , 𝟑 ) , ( 𝟐 , 𝟐 ) }
Is ? Is ? Is ?
•Yes,
  because
No, because
Yes, because

What are the domain and co – domain of R?


The domain of R is {1, 2} and the co – domain
is {1, 2, 3}
Your Turn!
•Let
  and and define a relation from A to B as
follows: Given any,

State explicitly which ordered pairs are in A x B


and which are in Y x Z and which are in R.
b. Is ? Is ? Is ?
c. What are the domain and co – domain of R?
(The Circle Relation)
Define a relation C from R to R as follows:
 
For any
means that
•1.   Is ? Is ? Is ?

 
Yes, because
 
No, because
 
Yes, because
Define a relation C from R to R as follows: For any
means  that

•Is  ? Is ? Is ?

 
No, because

 
Yes, because

 
No, because
Define a relation C from R to R as
follows: For any
means that
What are the domain and co – domain of C?

The domain and co – domain of C are both R, the


et of all real numbers.
Define a relation C from R to R as
follows: For any
means that

Draw a
graph for C
by plotting
the points of
C in the
Cartesian
Plane.
Your Turn!
•Define
  a relation C from R to R as follows: For
any means that
a. Is? Is? Is?
Is ? Is ? Is ?
b. What are the domain and co – domain of C?
c. Draw a graph for C by plotting the points of
C in the Cartesian plane.
Let A = { 1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 3, 5} and define rations S
and T from A to B as follows:
means that S is a  less than relation
T = {(2, 1), (2, 5)}

Draw a diagrams for S and T.


Your Turn!
•Let
  A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 6, 8} and let
R be the “divides” relation from A to B:
For all,
if and only if

• Draw an arrow diagram for R.


•Function
 
A function F from a set A and B is a relation with
domain A and co – domain B that satisfies the
following two properties:
1. For every element x in A, there is an element y in
B such that .
2. For all elements x in a and y and z in B, if
and , then .
Properties (1) and (2) can be stated less formally as
follows: A relation F from A to B is a function if, and
only if:
1. Every element of A is the first element of an
ordered pair of F.
2. No two distinct ordered pairs in F have the same
first element.
 
Notation
If A and B are sets and F is a function from A to B,
then given any element x in A, the unique element in
B that is related to x by F is denoted F(x), which is
read
  on Finite Sets
Functions and Relations
Let A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {1, 3, 5}. Which of the
relations R, S, and T defined below are functions
from A to B.
 
a.

R is not a function because it does not


satisfy property (2). The ordered pairs (4, 1)
and (4, 3) have the same first elements.
  on Finite Sets
Functions and Relations
Let A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {1, 3, 5}. Which of the
relations R, S, and T defined below are functions
from A to B.
 

b. For all means that

S is not a function because it does not satisfy


property (1). It is not rue that every element of A is
the first element of an ordered pair in S. For
example, but there is no y in B such that .
  on Finite Sets
Functions and Relations
Let A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {1, 3, 5}. Which of the
relations R, S, and T defined below are functions
from A to B.
 
𝑻 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎

𝑻𝒊𝒔𝒂
 
Your Turn!
• 4)
  Let X = {a, b, c} and Y = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Which of
the relations A, B, C defined below are functions
from X to Y?
a. A = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 3)}
b. For all means that x is a vowel and y is even.
c. C is defined by the arrow diagram
Functions Defined by Formulas
•The
  squaring function f from R to R is defined by
the formula for all real number . This means
that no matter what real number input is
substituted for , the output of f will be the
square of that number.

f equals g, written f = g, if, and only


if for all x in A.
(Equality of Functions)
Define by the following formulas:
for  all
for all

•Yes.
  Because the absolute value of any real
number equals the square root of its square,
for all . Hence
Your Turn!

•   Define and by the following formulas:


and. Does?

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy