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N Ext G Eneration S DH

বাহ সুন্দর হয় আর এ উ না করে ইয় এই সময়ে তার কাছে নিয়ে যাওয়া হয় এ সময় ওই সময় করে ফেলেছি আমি অবশেষে বিয়ে করে দেবো না করে ফেলেছি আমি দেখেছিলাম না কেন সেটা সচেতনভাবেই করে না কেন তার কাছে কি করতে পারবেন না কেন সে কথা আলাদা কোন কোন ক্ষেত্রে এই কথা সবই তো বাচ্চা মেয়ে ও আর এই সুযোগে হাত পা ছড়িয়ে আছে তারা কোন কোন ক্ষেত্রে এই কথা শুনে

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59 views28 pages

N Ext G Eneration S DH

বাহ সুন্দর হয় আর এ উ না করে ইয় এই সময়ে তার কাছে নিয়ে যাওয়া হয় এ সময় ওই সময় করে ফেলেছি আমি অবশেষে বিয়ে করে দেবো না করে ফেলেছি আমি দেখেছিলাম না কেন সেটা সচেতনভাবেই করে না কেন তার কাছে কি করতে পারবেন না কেন সে কথা আলাদা কোন কোন ক্ষেত্রে এই কথা সবই তো বাচ্চা মেয়ে ও আর এই সুযোগে হাত পা ছড়িয়ে আছে তারা কোন কোন ক্ষেত্রে এই কথা শুনে

Uploaded by

Sudip Mondal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Next Generation

SDH
CAS et
L er n
Eth
VC
GFP AT
PDH BIT RATES

• E1-2048 Kbps (2MB) [30 Voice Channel]


• E2-8448 Kbps (8MB) [120 Voice Channel]
• E3-34368 Kbps (34MB) [480 Voice Channel]
• E4-139264 Kbps (140MB) [1920 Voice Channel ]
SDH BIT RATES

• 1 E1 = 2048 kbps
• STM1 = 63 E1 + OH bytes = 155.52Mbps
• STM4 = 4*STM-1 =622.08 Mbps
• STM16 = 16*STM-1 = 2488.32 Mbps(2.5G)
• STM64 = 64*STM-1= 9953.28 Mbps
Limitations in traditional SDH

 No native data interfaces (e.g. Ethernet)

 Was designed for constant bit rate voice serices

 Requirement of SDH to Ethernet converters.

 Inefficient utilization of bandwidth.

 Granularity varies either to 2 Mbps or 34 Mbps or 140


Mbps
Next-Generation SDH
• Key feature: Data transport over SDH

 Data (e.g. Ethernet) interfaces on SDH


 Efficient Use of bandwidth
 Hitless increase/decrease of bandwidth

• Key technologies

 Generic Framing Protocol (GFP) ITU-T G7041


 Virtual concatenation (VCAT) ITU-T G7042
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) ITU-TG707
NG SDH at the Edge
Customer Operator
Edge Adaptation Core

SONET MUX/DEMUX
Ethernet
GFP VC LCAS
?
Native Interfaces

Ficon
Generic Virtual Link SONET/
Frame Concatenation Capacity SDH
Escon Procedure Adjustment
Scheme
Fibre
Channel

That’s “ NGSDH “
Generic Frame Procedure
GFP is defined to encapsulate variable length
Payload of various client signals for subsequent
transport over SDH Networks.

Converts variable bit rate data traffic to constant


bit rate traffic to transport over SDH

Eliminates the need of Ethernet to SDH converters


GFP-F AND GFP-T
variable

GFP-F GFP Ethernet Frame GFP GFP Eth. Frame GFP GFP GFP Eth

Frame by Frame

1GigE LE Ethernet Frame IDLE Eth. Frame IDLE Eth

Block by Block

GFP-T GFP Transparent GFP Transparent GFP Transparent GFP

fixed
GFP GFP Header or IDLE frames GFP
GFP Operation Modes
GFP-F (Framed Mapped):
 For packet oriented clients, e.g. Ethernet
One Client Packet = packed in one GFP frame (1:1)
00
Layer 2 service
Minimal overhead

GFP-T (Transparent Mapped):


 Client characters are directly mapped in GFP-T frames e.g.
Fibre Channel (800 Mbps),ESCON(200 Mbps)
Fixed length GFP frames
Layer 1 service
 Minimal Latency

GFP IDLE Frame:


 Rate Adaptation (“stuffing”)
Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)
SDH MULTIPLEXING
STRUCTURE
Concatenation methods

• Contiguous concatenation,
• Virtual concatenation
Contiguous concatenation
• Contiguous concatenation, which creates
big containers that cannot split into smaller
pieces during transmission.
• For this, each NE must have a
concatenation functionality.
• Supports only containers VC4 and above
Transporting Concatenated Signals

Contiguous Concatenation
C-4 C-4

C-4 C-4
C-4 C-4 C-4 C-4

C-4 C-4 One Path C-4 C-4


NE NE

Core Network VC-4-4c


Virtual concatenation
• Virtual concatenation, which transports the
individual VCs and aggregates them at the end
point of the transmission path. For this,
concatenation functionality is only needed at the
path termination equipment.
• Allows concatenation of lower granulaties ie
VC12,VC3 & also VC4 containers.
Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)
• At the source node VCAT creates a
continuous payload equivalent to X times the
VC-n
• The set of X containers is known as a Virtual
Container Group (VCG), and each individual
VC is a member of the VCG.
VC Nomenclature

VC-n -X v
Virtual Container n Number of Indictor for
n=4, 3, 12 virtually Virtual
concatenated Concatenation
Defines the type of virtual
containers, which will be
containers v = virtual
virtually concatenated. All X Virtual Containers concatenation
form together the c = contiguous
“Virtual Concatenated concatenation
Group” (VCG)

Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers!


Virtual concatenation

10 Base-T

VC 4
VC 4
VC 4
Gigabit E VC 4
VC 4
VC 4
VC 4
VC Rate Efficiencies
Data Rates Efficiency w/o VC using VC

Ethernet (10M) VC3 20% VC-12-5v  92%


Fast Ethernet (100M) VC-4 67% VC-12-46v  100%
ESCON (200M) VC-4-4c 33% VC-3-4v  100%
Fibre Channel (800M) VC-4-16c 33% VC-4-6v  89%
Gigabit Ethernet (1G) VC-4-16c 42% VC-4-7v  85%

Example:
100M Ethernet VC-12-46v
STM-1
7x E1 Services = 63 x VC-12
VC-12-5v
2x 10M Ethernet VC-12-5v

More services integrated- by using VC!


Transporting Concatenated Signals

Virtual Concatenation
VC-4
Path 1 #1
Differential Delay
VC-4 VC-4 VC-4
#1 #1 #1
VC-4 VC-4
VC-4 #2
#2 #2

VC-4 VC-4-2v
Path 2 #2
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
(LCAS)

 LCAS (ITU-T G.707) provides bandwidth


management flexibility.
 LCAS allows hitless addition or reduction of
bandwidth
 LCAS is the key to provide “bandwidth on demand”.
Bandwidth on demand
Network Management

VC-12-3v

LCAS
NG
NG

+VC-12
ISP
Transport Network
Customer’s LAN
Bandwidth on Schedule

100M 100M
100M
Transport Network
NG NG

900M
900M 900M
Location A
Location B
Block Diagram of NGSDH
NGN NEs
• MSPP Multi Service Provisioning Platform
• MSTP Multi Service Transport Platform
• MSSP Multi Service Switch Platform
TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM
Actual Figure

Alarm Display
Panel
Multi Function Card
(MFC3)
Cooling Fans

Slot 1&6 - 252E1 Slots 7&8


Extended Cross
Termination Card Connect Cards
(XCET)
(TET252E1)
Slot 2 - 8xSTM1o +
8xSTM1e (AGG06) Slots 9,10,11,12
-STM-16 Line
Slot 3 - Cards (A010000)
8GE+32FE+32FX
Ports Card
(ELAN05D)
Slots 4&5 - Cross
Connection Control
Cards (XCC05)
TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM
Actual Figure

Alarm Display
Panel
Multi Function Card
(MFC3)
Cooling Fans

Slot 1&6 - 252E1 Slots 7&8


Extended Cross
Termination Card Connect Cards
(XCET)
(TET252E1)
Slot 2 - 8xSTM1o +
8xSTM1e (AGG06) Slots 9,10,11,12
-STM-16 Line
Slot 3 - Cards (A010000)
8GE+32FE+32FX
Ports Card
(ELAN05D)
Slots 4&5 - Cross
Connection Control
Cards (XCC05)
THANKS
Thanks

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