WOLKITE UNIVERSITY

WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MACHINE DRAWING [MEng2141]
MACHINE DRAWING [MEng2141]

Lecture 9 CHAPTER
CHAPTER 77
SPRINGS
SPRINGS
By : Mewael M.

2018/19 G.C
 Springs
Springs
Chapter 77
Chapter

Introduction
A spring is defined as an elastic body, whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover
its original shape when the load is removed.
important applications of springs:

 To absorb or control energy due to either shock or vibration as in car springs,

shock absorbers and vibration dampers.

 To apply forces, as in brakes, clutches and spring-loaded valves.

 To control motion by maintaining contact between two elements as in cams

and followers.

 To measure forces, as in spring balances and engine indicators.

 To store energy, as in watches, toys.

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Chapter 77
Chapter
Types of Springs
Though there are many types of the springs, the following are important according to
their shape.

1. Helical springs:

Made up of a wire coiled in the form of a helix.

Is primarily intended for compressive or tensile loads.

The two forms of helical springs are

compression helical springs and tension
helical spring.

The cross-section of the wire from which the spring is made may be circular, square
or rectangular.
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Chapter 77
Chapter

The helical springs are said to be closely coiled:

when the spring wire is coiled so close

that the plane containing each turn

is nearly at right angles to the axis of
the helix.

the helix angle is very small, it is usually less than 10°.

The helical springs are said to be open coiled:

when there is a gap between

the two consecutive turns,

helix angle is large.

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2. Conical and volute springs:

are used in special applications where a telescoping spring or a spring with a spring rate that
increases with the load is desired.

The springs may be made either partially or completely telescoping.

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3. Torsion springs:

These springs may be of helical or spiral type.

The helical type may be used only in applications where the load tends to wind up the spring
and are used in various electrical mechanisms.

The spiral type is also used where the load tends to increase the number of coils and when
made of flat strip are used in watches and clocks.
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4. Laminated or leaf springs:

consists of a number of flat plates (known as leaves) of varying lengths held together by
means of clamps and bolts.
also known as flat spring or carriage spring.

These are mostly used in automobiles.

The major stresses produced in leaf springs are tensile and compressive stresses.
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5. Disc or bellevile springs

These springs consist of a number of conical discs held together against slipping by a central
bolt or tube.

These springs are used in applications where high spring rates and compact spring units are
required.
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6. Special purpose springs:

These springs are used for special types of application only.

These are: air or liquid springs,

rubber springs,
ring springs etc.

The fluids (air or liquid) can behave as a compression spring.

 Fasteners
Fasteners
Chapter 44
Chapter

End of Lecture
9