A MICROPROJECT

REPORT ON

“study about different types of springs and there specification.”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Prof.Dr.Shirish Dhobe

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, THANE
(2022-2023)
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, THANE
PHADKEPADA, OPP. BHARAT GEARS LTD.
MUMBRA-SHIL PHATA ROAD, THANE-400612
2022-2023
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that Mr. OM PARSHURAM PAWAR, Roll No. 27 of Fifth

Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of institute
Government Polytechnic, Thane has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in the subject ELEMENTS OF DESIGN (22564) for the
Academic year 2022 – 2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place Thane Enrollment No 2001160316

Date: .............. Exam Seat No. 114231

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

 Acknowledgement

We wish to express our profound gratitude and intentness towards Mr. Prof.Dr.Shirish
Dhobe in the Mechanical Engineering, at Government Polytechnic, Thane for
introducing the project of “STUDY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPRING AND THERE
SPECIFICATION.” and for the inspiring guidance and criticism and valuable suggestions
through project work.
 INDEX

Sr no. Title Page no.

1 Title of micro project 1

2 Certificate 3

3 Acknowledgement 4

4 Part B 6

5 Evaluation sheet 9
 Micro Project Report

“STUDY DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPRINGS AND THERE SPECIFICATION.”

1.0 Brief Description

SPRING

• Springs are elastic bodies (generally metal) that can be twisted, pulled, or stretched
by some force. They can return to their original shape when the force is released. In
other words it is also termed as a resilient member.
• It can take any shape and form depending upon the application
Different functions Of Springs :

1. To absorb shocks and vibrations. – Used in Vehicle suspension springs, Railway

buffer springs, Buffer springs in elevators, Vibration mounts for machinery
2. To store energy – Used in Springs used in clocks, toys. Movie-cameras, circuit
breakers, and starters
3. To measure force – Used in Springs used in weighing balance and engine indicators
4. To control Motion – Used in the cam and follower mechanism, spring is used to
maintain contact between two elements.
5. To apply force – Used in In engine valve mechanism, spring is used to return the
rocker arm to its normal position when the disturbing force is removed. The spring
used in the clutch provides the required force to engage the clutch.
Types of springs
Following are important types of springs according to their shape:
1. Helical springs
2. Conical and volute springs
3. Torsion springs
4. Laminated or leaf springs
5. Disc or Belleville springs

1. Helical Springs

• The helical spring is made from a wire, usually of circular cross-section, that is bent in
the form of a helix.
• There are two basic types of helical springs: compression spring and tension spring.
• In helical compression spring, the external force tends to shorten the spring. In other
words, the spring is compressed.
• In helical tension spring, the external force tends to lengthen the spring. In other
words, the spring is elongated.
 helical spring diagram

• It should be noted that although the spring is under compression, the wire of helical
compression spring is not subjected to compressive stress.
• Also, the wire of helical tension spring is not subjected to tensile stress although the
spring is under tension.
• In both cases, torsional shear stresses are induced in the spring wire.
• The words compression and tension are related to total spring and not the stresses in
spring wire.
The helical springs have the following advantages:

• These are easy to manufacture.

• These are available in a wide range.
• These are reliable.
• These have a constant spring rate.
• Their performance can be predicted more accurately.
• Their characteristics can be varied by changing dimensions.
Application Of Helical Tension Spring :

1) Garage door assemblies

2) Vise-grip pilers
3) carburetors

Application Of Helical Compression Spring :

1) Ballpoint pens
2) Pogo sticks
3) Valve assemblies in engines
2. Conical and Volute Springs

• The conical and volute springs are used in special applications where a telescoping
spring or a spring with a spring rate (load required per unit deflection) that increases
with the load is desired.

Conical spring and Volute casing

• The conical spring is wound with a uniform pitch whereas the volute springs are
wound in the form of a paraboloid with constant pitch and lead angles.
• This characteristic is sometimes utilized in vibration problems where springs are used
to support a body that has a varying mass.
3. Torsion Springs

• The construction of this spring is similar to that of compression or tension spring,

except that the ends are formed in such a way, that the spring is loaded by a torque,
about the axis of the coils.
• Helical torsion spring is used to transmit torque to a particular component in the
machine or the mechanism.
• Helical torsion spring is used in door-hinges, brush-holders, starters, and door locks.
helical torsion spring

• For example, the spring transmits a torque of (P x r).

• The helical torsion resists the bending moment (P x r) that tends to wind up the
spring.
 • The bending moment induces bending stresses in the spring wire.
• The term torsion spring is somewhat misleading because the wire is subjected to
bending stresses, unlike torsional shear stresses induced in helical torsion or tension
springs.

Application Of torsion Spring :

1. Mouse tracks
2. Rocker switches
3. Door hinges
4. Clipboards
5. Automobile starters
Spiral torsion spring:

• It is made of a band of steel wrapped around itself several times to create a

geometric shape as shown in the figure.
• Its inner end is attached to an arbor and the outer end is attached to a retaining
drum.
• It has a few rotations and also contains a thicker band of steel.
• It releases power when it unwinds.
Application of Spiral Spring :
• Alarm timepiece
• Watch
• Automotive seat recliners

4. Laminated Leaf Springs

• Multi-leaf spring is widely used for the suspension of trucks and railway wagons.
• It consists of a series of flat plates, usually of semi-elliptical shape. The flat plates are
called leaves of the spring.
• The leaf at the top has a maximum length. The longest leaf at the top is called a
master leaf.
• The leaves have graduated lengths. The length gradually decreases from the top leaf
to the bottom leaf.
• It is bent at both ends to form the spring eye. Two bolts are inserted through these
eyes to fix the leaf spring to the automobile body.
• The leaves are held together utilizing two U-bolts and a center clip.

leaf spring

• Rebound clips are provided to keep the leaves in alignment and prevent lateral
shifting of the leaves during operation.
• At the center, the leaf spring is supported on the axle.
• Multi-leaf springs are provided with one or two extra full leaves in addition to master
leaf.
• The extra full-length leaves are stacked between the master leaf and the graduated
length leaves.
• The extra full-length leaves are provided to support the transverse shear force.
Types of leaves:

1. Full length leave

a. Full length leaves with eye,
b. Full length leave without eye.
2. Graduated leave

Applications of leaves:-

1. It is used in semielliptical leaf spring,

2. It is used in quarter elliptical leaf spring,
3. It is used in three-quarter elliptical leaf spring,
4. It is used in full elliptical leaf spring.

Application of Leaf Spring :

• Mainly in automobiles suspension systems.

Advantages of Leaf Spring :

1. It can carry lateral loads.

2. It provides braking torque.
3. It takes driving torque and withstand the shocks provided by the vehicles.
5. Disc Springs or Belleville springs

• A Belleville spring consists of a coned disk, as shown in the above figure.

• It is called Belleville spring because it was invented by Julian Belleville, who patented
its design in France in 1867.
• Belleville spring has a typical load-deflection characteristic, as shown in the above
figure.
• The variation of (h/t) ratio provides a wide variety of load-deflection curves.
• Belleville springs are used in plate clutches and brakes, relief valves, and a wide
variety of bolted connections.
 •
disc or Belleville spring

Belleville spring offers the following advantages:

Advantages of Belleville springs are as follows :

1. It is simple in construction and easy to manufacture.

2. It is a compact spring unit.
3. It is especially useful where a very large force is desired for small deflection of spring.
4. It provides a wide range of spring constants making it versatile.
5. It can provide any linear or non-linear load-deflection characteristic.
6. The individual coned disks of a particular size and thickness can be stacked in series, parallel
or series-parallel combinations, as shown in
Figure. These combinations provide a variety of spring constants without changing the design.
7. When two Belleville springs are arranged in series, double deflection is obtained for the same
force. On the other hand, when two Belleville springs are in parallel, almost double force is
obtained for a given deflection.
2.0 Aim of Micro Project
1. Main aim of micro project is study of
“study about different types of spring and there specification.”
2. To gain information by own skills

3.0 Course Outcomes Integrated

e. Choose springs for various application

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed

1) I have decided to search topic & referred books and google.
2) I have decided a topic ‘study about different types of springs and there specification.’
3) I discussed about the topic with Teacher.
4) Searched information about ‘Information on pre-ignition, detonation-concept, factors
affecting detonation.’
5) Created a Word file and give the presentation to the teacher.
6) Created a report & checked.
7) Submitted a report to the teacher.

5.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr. Name of Resources /

No. Material Specifications Quantity Remark
1. Internet Google 1
2. Research textbook Ic engine 1

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project

Get information about different types of springs and there specification

7.0 Skill Developed / learning out of this Micro-Project

1. Better understanding of Microproject.
2. Came to know real consequences and how to handle everything.
3. Better communication skills.
4. Presentation skills.
 MICRO PROJECT EVALUATION SHEET

Name of the Student :- OM PARSHURAM PAWAR

Enrollment No :- 2001160316

Name of Programme :- Mechanical Engineering

Semester :- Fifth Semester

Subject Code :- 22562

Title of the Micro Project :- “ STUDY ABOUT DISSERENT

TYPES OF SPRING AND THERE SPECIFICARION” .

Process and Product Individual Presentation Total Marks

Assessment / Viva (10 Marks)
(06 Marks) (04 Marks)

Name of the Teacher :- Mr. Prof.Dr.Shirish Dhobe

Signature :-