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Bonds and Compounds: How To Write, Name And/or Draw Various Chemical Compounds

This document provides information on various topics related to chemical compounds and reactions: 1) It describes how to name and write formulas for ionic compounds by identifying positive and negative ions that cancel out charges to make neutral compounds. 2) It explains how to name covalent or molecular compounds using prefixes to indicate the number of each type of atom present. 3) The five major types of chemical reactions are defined: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. Generic and example equations are given for each.

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36 views19 pages

Bonds and Compounds: How To Write, Name And/or Draw Various Chemical Compounds

This document provides information on various topics related to chemical compounds and reactions: 1) It describes how to name and write formulas for ionic compounds by identifying positive and negative ions that cancel out charges to make neutral compounds. 2) It explains how to name covalent or molecular compounds using prefixes to indicate the number of each type of atom present. 3) The five major types of chemical reactions are defined: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. Generic and example equations are given for each.

Uploaded by

geng geng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bonds and Compounds

How to write, name and/or


draw various Chemical
Compounds
Ions and Ionic
Compounds
• An ion is created whenever an atom
gains or loses an electron to become
more stable like a Noble Gas, meaning
that its valence number is now 8!
• Metals are always positive, which
means that they lose electrons.
• Nonmetals are usually negative with a
few exceptions, like Nitrogen which
has 8 different ion possibilities.
How to make an ionic
compound
• To make an ionic compound, one must
combine a positive ion with a negative ion.
• The positive ion is ALWAYS listed first,
followed by the negative one.

• Example: Na+ + Cl-  NaCl

• **The Key is that ALL charges must be


cancelled out, and the overall charge on the
compound MUST be ZERO!!
Criss-Cross Method

• When the ratio is one-to-one or two-to-


two, it is easy to cancel the charges.
However, it can become a little more
complicated, so scientists use the
Criss-Cross Method to help illustrate
how the math is done.
• Example:
• Fe3+ + SO42- = Fe2(SO4)3
Naming Ionic
Compounds
• The first part of the name comes directly
from the first ion in the compound.
• The second part of the name has the base
of the second ion, but MUST end in –ide,
-ate, or –ite.
• Examples:
NaCl Sodium Chloride
K2CrO4 Potassium Chromate
Al2(SO3)3 Aluminum Sulfite
Writing the formula from
the name
• Unfortunately, there is no shortcut to
this. You MUST learn the ion to know
what their charges are to write the
formula from the names. It takes
practice and perseverance.
• Examples:
• Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
• Ammonium Phosphate (NH4)3PO4
Review and Practice

• Name the following ionic


compounds:
(NH4)3PO4
CaSO4
• Write the formulas for the
following ionic compounds:
Tin (IV) Fluoride
Iron (III) peroxide
More Practice
• Write the formulas for the following ionic
compounds:
Magnesium Hydroxide
Copper (I) Sulfate
Lead (II) Phosphate
Ammonium Dichromate
Zinc Acetate
Iron (II) Oxide
Mercury (I) Chloride
Silver Nitrate
Covalent or Molecular
Compounds
• Covalent compounds are created
using covalent bonds. A covalent
bond involves the “sharing’ of
electrons between two different
atoms. These atoms can be the same
type of atoms or different.
• To show the sharing of electrons,
scientists use Lewis Dot Structures
and structural formulas that use
dashes for bonds.
Naming Covalent
Compounds Number Prefix
1 Mono-
• To name covalent 2 Di-
compounds, one
must know ten 3 Tri-
important prefixes. 4 Tetra-
These prefixes
indicate how many
5 Penta-
of each atom is 6 Hexa-
present in the 7 Hepta-
molecule that has
been created. 8 Octa-
9 Nona-
10 Deca-
Naming them…
• First, you must see if the two atoms are
nonmetals. If so, then you have a covalent
compound. (Be careful not to mistake an
ion for an atom!)
• Second, note how many of each atom is
present in the compound.
• Third, choose the prefix that will work for
the name. (The first atom only gets a prefix
if there is more than one; the second atom
ALWAYS gets a prefix.)
• Fourth, name it using the prefixes as
needed. (Be careful…some compounds
have common names that are the preferred
names.
Examples…

• CO2 Carbon dioxide

• H2O Dihydrogen monoxide


(Water)

• NH3 Nitrogen trihydride


(Ammonia)

• P4O10 Tetraphosphorus decoxide


Types of Chemical
Reactions
• There are five major types of
reactions.

• These reactions are found in nature


and can be manmade.

• In addition, these reactions often take


in heat or energy (endothermic) or
release heat or energy (exothermic).
Synthesis Reactions

• These reactions have two or


more reactants that come
together to form ONE product.
• Generic equation:
A + B  AB
• Example:
2H2 + O2  2H2O
Decomposition Reactions

• These reactions involve ONE reactant


breaking down to form two or more
products.

• Generic Equation:
AB  A + B
• Example:
RhO3  RhO + O2
Single-Replacement
Reactions
• These reactions require a single atom
combined with a compound to then
form a new compound and a new
singular atom. (**Governed by the
Activity Series of Metals)
• Generic Equation:
A + BC  AC + B
• Example:
2Li + H2SO4  Li2SO4 + H2
Double-Replacement
Reactions
• These reactions involved two ionic
compounds’ cations switching anion
partners to form new compounds.
(**A gas or precipitate usually forms!)
• Generic Equation:
A+B- + C+D-  A+D- + C+B-
• Example:
AgBr + NaCl  AgCl + NaBr
Combustion Reactions

• All combustion reactions involve


oxygen gas as a reactant and the
release of great amounts of energy as
a product. There are types of
combustion reactions: Metals with
oxygen to form metal oxides and
hydrocarbons with oxygen to form
carbon dioxide and water.
Combustion Reactions
(cont.)
• Examples of both combustion
reactions:

2Mg + O2  2MgO + light

C2H4 + 3O2  2CO2 + 2H2O + energy

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