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Chapter 2 History

This document discusses methods for analyzing the content and context of primary sources. It defines content analysis as a research method used to study communication artifacts like text, images, audio and video. Content analysis involves quantifying patterns, analyzing social phenomena, and using computers. Contextual analysis examines a text's intended audience, author's intention, occasion, and any implied meanings or circumstances affecting its creation. The document outlines goals, types, advantages and disadvantages of both content and contextual analysis for understanding historical primary sources.

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Kim Hyuna
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46 views18 pages

Chapter 2 History

This document discusses methods for analyzing the content and context of primary sources. It defines content analysis as a research method used to study communication artifacts like text, images, audio and video. Content analysis involves quantifying patterns, analyzing social phenomena, and using computers. Contextual analysis examines a text's intended audience, author's intention, occasion, and any implied meanings or circumstances affecting its creation. The document outlines goals, types, advantages and disadvantages of both content and contextual analysis for understanding historical primary sources.

Uploaded by

Kim Hyuna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 2

TEX , CONTEXT AND SUB CONTEXT

(Content and Contextual Analysis)

Study the past if you would define the


future-confucius
LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this unit, the students are expected to:


1. Analyze the context , content, and perspective of diddrent kinds of primary
sources
2. Determine the contribution of different kinds of primay sources in
understanding Philippine history
3. Develop critical and aqnalytical skills with exposure to primary sources
Content/contextual Analysis

– Research method for studying


documents and communication,
artifacts which can be text of various
formats, pictures, audio and video
– Quantify patterns in communications
– Analyze social phenomena
– Practices and philosophies of content
analysis vary between scholarly
communities.
– Used of computers
Goals of content analysis

– Best understood as a broad family


techniques
– According to Klaus Krippendorff, six
questions must be addressed in every
content analysis:
– Which data are analyzed?
– How are the data defined?
– From what population are data drawn?
– What is the relevant context?
– What are the boundaries of analysis?
– What is the measured
B. Kinds of Text

– There are five types of texts in content analysis:


1. Written text, such as books and papers
2. Oral text, such as speech and theatrical performance
3. Iconic text, such as drawings, paintings and icons
4. Audio-visual text, such as TV programs, movies and
videos
5. Hypertexts, which are texts found in the internet
c. Types of Content Analysis

Conceptual Analysis
- can be thought of as establishing the existence and
frequency of a concept in a text
- Begins with identifying the research questions and
choosing a sample or samples
Relational Analysis
- builds on conceptual analysis by examining the
relationship concepts in a text
How to use Content Analysis

1. Preparing coding
2. Produced coding manual
3. Elements of the content are described and organized using these
categories
4. Categories are used to describe the information that are
emerging from this day
5. The coded contents is quantitatively analyzed for trends,
patterns, relationship similarities and differences etc.
Issues of Reliability and Validity

– The reliability of a content analysis study refers


to its stability
– Tendency for the coders to consistently re cord
data
– Tendency for a group coders to classify
categories
– Accuracy
– The overarching problem of concept
analysis research is the challengeable nature
of conclusion reached by its inferential
procedures.
F. Advantages of Content Analysis

– Looks directly at communication via texts or


transcripts
– Allow both quantitative and qualitative
operations
– Provide historical/cultural insights over time
– Allows closeness to text
– Can be used to interpret text
– Unobtrusive means of analyzing interactions
– Relatively exact research method when
done well
Disadvantage of Content Analysis

– Can be extremely time consuming


– Is subject to increased error
– Often devoid of theoretical basis
– Inherently reductive
– Tends too often to simply consist of word counts
– Often disregards the context that produced the text
– Can be difficult to automate or computerize
2. Contextual Analysis

- Is an analysis of a text (in whatever medium,


including multi-media)
- Combines features of formal analysuis with
features of cultural archeology
How to use contextual Analysis

Several key questions:


1. What does the text reveal about itself as a text
2. What does the text tell us about its apparent
intended audience
3. What seems to have authors intention?
4. What is the occasion for this text?
5. Is the text extended as some sort of call to-or for-
action?
6. Is the text intended as some sort of call-or-for-
reflection or consideration rather than direct action.?
7. Can we identify any non-textual circumstances that
affects the creation and reception of the test?
Subtext

– Refers to its secondary and implied


meanings.
– Embraces the emotional or intellectual
messages embedded in, or implied by
the document or object

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