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Electro - Pneumatic

The document discusses various components used in electro-pneumatic systems including push buttons, relays, timers, solenoid valves, and sensors. It covers the basic functions and configurations of components like switches, relays, valves. It also describes different types of sensors such as inductive, capacitive, optical sensors and discusses their selection criteria and uses. The document provides details on pilot-operated solenoid valves and their schematics.

Uploaded by

Md. Shahrear Sultan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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188 views84 pages

Electro - Pneumatic

The document discusses various components used in electro-pneumatic systems including push buttons, relays, timers, solenoid valves, and sensors. It covers the basic functions and configurations of components like switches, relays, valves. It also describes different types of sensors such as inductive, capacitive, optical sensors and discusses their selection criteria and uses. The document provides details on pilot-operated solenoid valves and their schematics.

Uploaded by

Md. Shahrear Sultan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Typical push button

switches
Electro-Pneumatic Components
Push Button Box Relay Box
Electro-Pneumatic Components
Timer Box Distributor Box
Electro-Pneumatic Components
Positive and Negative
supply lines
internally connected

Looped Power Supply


connections input connections
Switches and contacts
Switches and contacts
Normally open switch
Normally closed switch
Changeover switch
Switches
Momentary and sustained
switches
Sustained normally open
switch
Changeover switch
Normally open contact
Normally closed contact
Changeover contact
Relays
Relays
A Relay has Certain Characteristics
• Low Maintenance
• Able to Switch a Number of Independent Circuit Paths
• Easily Adaptable to Various Operating Voltages
• High Operating Speed, ie. Short Switching Times
• Can be Used as a Logic or Interlocking Device
Relay Contact Configuration
Relays, timers and solenoids
Relays and solenoid coils
Electrical Output Devices
Basic logic functions

There are four commonly used logic


functions in Electro-Pneumatics.
Electro-Pneumatics

• YES Function
• NOT Function
• OR Function
• AND Function
Basic electrical circuits
YES Function
+24V

+24V

Push Button

Lamp

0V

0V
Basic electrical circuits
NOT Function
+24V

+24V

Push Button

Lamp

0V

0V
Basic electrical circuits
OR Function
+24V

+24V

S1 S2

Lamp

0V

0V
Basic electrical circuits
AND Function
+24V

+24V

S1

S2

Lamp

0V

0V
Classification of Sensors

Sensors are classified as either :

Contact type
Non-contact type (proximity sensors)

Proximity sensors being the more commonly used sensor.


Limit Switches
Limit switches are considered to be contact
sensors, as it needs to be actuated to give a
signal output
Reed Switches
Most Widely Known
and Used as Cylinder
a)
Switches

1
Magnet

b)

1 Magnet
Glass Tube filled with Reed contacts LED
nitrogen indicator
24v
Reed Switches
Sensor Switching Distance

Object

Sensor

Sn

Sn = Switching Distance
Sensor Hysteresis

Sensor Object

h
Sn

Sn = Switching Distance h = Hysteresis


Classification of Sensors

Sensors are further categorized as either :


Binary
Analogue.
Binary sensors convert a physical quantity
into a binary signal which means it has
two switching states. The most common
being an electrical signal ON or OFF.
Types of Sensors
Sensors
Inductive Sensors

Cable
plug-in
LED

Active surface
Inductive Proximity Sensors

High Frequency magnetic field


(300 to 800 kHz) Active Surface

Resonant circuit coil

LED indicator

Connection cable
Inductive Proximity Sensors
Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
Inductive Proximity Sensors

• The bigger the coil, the greater the active


switching gap.
• Inductive sensors can only detect metals.
• Different switching distances for different metals
Selection Criteria
• They can be selected according to the material which
they are to detect.

• Metals of any kind can be detected easily and


economically with inductive sensors if short switching
distances only are required (eg. 0.4 …. 10 mm)
Uses of Inductive Proximity Sensors

Inductive sensors detect metals and operate


quickly, reliably and tirelessly. They are used to:
• Count
• Identify
• Detect
• Switch
• Control
• Check
• Distinguish
• Sort
• Position
Inductive Sensors
Capacitive Sensors
Capacitive Proximity
Sensors

Sensor is looking for a change


Electrostatic field in capacitance in the active field

Active surface

Active electrode

Earth electrode

LED indicator

Adjusting screw
Connection cable
Capacitive Proximity
Sensors

• Almost similar to the inductive sensor.


• Able to detect most materials.
• Switching distance adjustable.
Selection Criteria
Capacitive proximity sensors are suitable for
the detection of a wide range of materials, but
again only for relatively small distances,
similar to inductive proximity sensors.
Target
Capacitive Proximity
Sensors

Detection of matt, black objects.


Optical Proximity Sensors
There are three different
types of optical
proximity sensors:

• Through beam optical


sensor
• Retro-reflective optical
sensor
• Diffuse optical sensor
Solenoid valves

The directional control valves used in electro


pneumatics are similar to those used in pure
pneumatics. The only difference is that they are
actuated by solenoids.
Solenoids
2/2-way single solenoid
valve
3/2-way single solenoid
valve
Pilot signal flow

ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
APPLIED TO
SOLENOID

SOLENOID ACTUATES
PILOT VALVE

PILOT ACTUATES
MAIN VALVE
Pilot control
3/2-way single solenoid valve with
pilot control
3/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot
control

1 3
3/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot
control

Y1
1 3
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way single solenoid valve with pilot control

5 4 1 2 3
(A) (S) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way double solenoid valve with pilot
control

5 4 1 2 3
(S) (A) (P) (B) (R)
5/2-way double solenoid valve with pilot
control
5/3-way double solenoid valve
with pilot control
5/3-way double solenoid valve
with pilot control
5/3-way double solenoid valve
with pilot control
5/3-way double solenoid valve
with pilot control

4 2
4 2

5 3
5 3
1
1

4 2

5 3
Pneumatic-Electic Converter
(PE Switch)
Pressure Switches

Two-Wire
Technology

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