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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Elements are the simplest form of matter and are made up of only one type of atom. Compounds are formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements and/or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, with distinct parts visible, or homogeneous, appearing uniform throughout. Solutions are a type of homogeneous mixture where a solute is dissolved evenly throughout a solvent.

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242 views35 pages

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Elements are the simplest form of matter and are made up of only one type of atom. Compounds are formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements and/or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, with distinct parts visible, or homogeneous, appearing uniform throughout. Solutions are a type of homogeneous mixture where a solute is dissolved evenly throughout a solvent.

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Elements, Compounds, and

Mixtures
1. 3 KINDS OF MATTER

Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
2. Elements
All (living and nonliving) of the different
kinds of matter in the universe is made
from about 100 different substances,
called elements.
Elements are called the building blocks of
matter because all matter is composed of
elements.
Each element is made up of the same type
of atoms.
3. Compounds
 A compound is a substance made of two or
more different kinds of elements chemically
combined in a specific ratio.
 Each compound is represented by a formula that
uses symbols to identify which elements are
present.
 A formula shows the ratio of elements in the
compound.
 H2O – ratio of Hydrogen is 2:1 Oxygen
The symbols make up the formula. A
formula is just chemical shorthand for the
compound.
 The subscript lets us know how many
atoms are present.
 The coefficient lets us know how many
molecules are present.
Compounds
Welcome!

1. Find your assigned seat.

2. Take out your warm-up


paper as you walk in and
complete the question for
Tuesday
4. Molecules

A molecule is formed when two or more


atoms join together chemically.

Diatomic molecules are made of two


atoms of the same element. These
molecules cannot be alone, they must
have a buddy at all time!
Hydrogen – H2
Oxygen – O2
5. What is the difference between a
compound and a molecule?
A molecule is formed when two or more
atoms join together chemically.
 Molecules don’t have to have different kinds of
elements, when they do they are called a
compound!
 A compound is a molecule that contains at least
two different elements.
 All compounds are molecules but not all
molecules are compounds.
Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular
oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2)
are not compounds because each is
composed of a single element.
Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and
methane (CH4) are compounds because
each is made from more than one
element.
6. Mixtures
 Most matter in the
universe is found in
mixtures.
 A mixture is made
from two or more
substances (either
elements, compounds
or both) - that are not
chemically combined.
Mixtures and
compounds differ
in two ways…
Substances in a mixture keep
their individual properties.
Parts of a mixture are not
necessarily present in specific
ratios.
Compound

A compound has properties different than


the elements that make it up.

The parts of a compound are present in


specific ratio’s.
Compounds and Mixtures

Most of the matter around you is in the


form of compounds or mixtures.

Water, carbon dioxide, salt, vinegar,


baking soda, lye, sugar, gasoline, and
bleach are all chemical compounds.
7. Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which different materials can


be easily distinguished.

Examples: Pizza, dry soup, chex mix, trail


mix are all examples.
8. Solutions

Homogeneous mixture: is a substance in


which two or more substances are
uniformly (evenly) spread out.
example: salt water
Solution is another term for homogeneous
mixture.
Welcome!

1.Find your assigned seat.

2.Write in your agenda that we


have a quiz on Friday.

3. On your warmup paper


complete the question for
Tuesday
Videos

Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous

Colloids, suspensions, and solutions


9. Solutions

Solute is the substance being dissolved.

Solvent is the substance that dissolves a


solute.

Solubility is the amount of a substance


(solute) that will dissolve in a solvent.
Solubility = how easily a substance
(solute) will dissolve in a solvent
Example

Salt water:

The water is the solvent

NaCl (salt) is the solute


10. Colloids
A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture that
like a solution never settles.
Examples: Milk, smoke, jello
One way to tell a colloid from a solution is
because milk appears white because its
particles scatter light.
11. Suspensions

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture


containing a liquid in which visible particles
settle.

River water, salad


dressing
RECAP
NaCl is the formula for salt
Water is H2O
An oxygen atom can bond
with two hydrogen atoms to
make a molecule we call
water. Water is an example of
a compound, because it
contains more than one kind
of atom. The formula for
water is H2O, meaning there
are two hydrogen atoms for
each oxygen atom.
Carbon Dioxide CO2

Carbon dioxide molecules are made from


one carbon and two oxygen atoms joined
together by covalent bonds. The chemical
symbol is CO2.
Glucose - C6H12O6
Molecule
 When a compound is broken down into its’
smallest piece it is called a molecule. You should
be able to write the formula for the following:

 Water

 Oxygen

 Carbon Dioxide
DNA

Is a large molecule made up of carbon,


hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and
phosphorous.
Kinetic theory of matter

The idea that all matter is made up of


constantly moving tiny particles.
Welcome!
1. Find your assigned seat.

2. Write in your agenda that we have a quiz on


Friday.

3. On your warmup for Thursday draw and fill


in the blanks of the concept map below:
Matter

________ Mixtures

Elements ________ Solutions Colloids ________

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