Scribd
Upload
63 views43 pages

6.lymphatic Sys

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, and organs that work together to drain lymph fluid from tissues, absorb fat-soluble vitamins, and filter the lymph through lymph nodes. Lymphatic vessels return excess fluid to the bloodstream and transport proteins, cell debris, and bacteria toward the heart. Lymph nodes filter the lymph and contain lymphocytes that help fight infection and disease. Major lymphoid organs include the spleen, thymus, tonsils, Peyer's patches, and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue.

Uploaded by

Mai Z Haniya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views43 pages

6.lymphatic Sys

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, and organs that work together to drain lymph fluid from tissues, absorb fat-soluble vitamins, and filter the lymph through lymph nodes. Lymphatic vessels return excess fluid to the bloodstream and transport proteins, cell debris, and bacteria toward the heart. Lymph nodes filter the lymph and contain lymphocytes that help fight infection and disease. Major lymphoid organs include the spleen, thymus, tonsils, Peyer's patches, and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue.

Uploaded by

Mai Z Haniya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43

Lymphatic system

Consists of
• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymphoid tissues and organs
• Lymphatic vessels
–Return excess fluid from the tissue
back to the blood stream, about three
liters per day
–One way flow towards the heart
–Proteins and bacteria, cell debris too
big to enter the capillaries return by
lymphatic vessels
–Lymph flow to lymph nodes first
Lacteals

• are specialized lymph capillaries in the villi of


the small intestine; they absorb the fat-soluble
end products of digestion, such as fatty acids
and vitamins A, D, E, and K.
 The lymph vessels from the lower body unite in front of the
lumbar vertebrae to form a vessel called the cisterna
chyli, which continues upward in front of the backbone as
the thoracic duct.
 Lymph vessels from the upper left quadrant of the body join
the thoracic duct, which empties lymph into the left
subclavian vein. Lymph vessels from the upper right
quadrant of the body unite to form the right lymphatic duct,
which empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.
 Flaps in both subclavian veins permit the entry of lymph but
prevent blood from flowing into the lymph vessels.
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES

• Lymphatic capillaries spider web between tissue


cells ,and blood capillaries in loose CT
• Lymphatic capillaries are very permeable,
forming flap like minivalves
• They are anchored to surrounding structures by
fine collagen fibers
• Gape open when pressure is high in interstitial
fluid side, and close by opposite
• The large lymphatic vessels are:
– Right lymphatic duct: drain the Rt side
of head and neck and Rt upper limb
– Thoracic duct: drain rest of the body
– Both ducts enter the subclavian vein of
its side
 
– Lymphatic vessels are thin walled
– Lymph vessels have one way valve
towards the heart
– Respiratory movements and muscle
contraction act like a pump helps in
lymph return
– Smooth muscle contraction in their
wall help in its return
Lymph nodes
Produce lymphocytes which remove bacteria and
tumor cells from body

Thousands of LN are scattered through


lymphatic vessels, filtering lymph before it is
returned to venous blood

•  
Structure of lymph node

• LN vary in size and shape ,usually kidney


shaped, less than 1 inch long ,buried in
surrounding CT.
• Each node is surrounded by fibrous capsule
• Trabeculae extend inward from cortex dividing
node into compartments.
• Outer part of the LN is cortex, containing
collection of lymphocytes called follicles
• Germinal center are dark stained when B
lymphocytes are forming plasma cells which
release antibodies
• Rest of cortical cells are lymphocytes in transit
forming surveillance role, between blood,
lymph Nodes and lymphatic stream.
• Phagocytic macrophages are located in central
medulla.
• Lymph enter the convex
side of LN,by afferent
lymphatic vessels
• It run through number of
sinuses
• Exit the lymph node
through efferent lymphatic
vessels at hilus
• Less efferents than
afferents lymph flow is
slow, for lymphocytes and
macrophages to do their
protective function
Groups of lymph nodes

• Cervical group: neck


• Axillary group: axilla
• Inguinal group: upper thigh
• Thoracic group: around lung hilum
• Aortic group: around abdominal aorta
Other lymphoid organ

Spleen
• Is reddish and largest single mass of lymphoid
tissue
• Blood rich organ that filter the blood
• Fist size,4 inches long, protected by rib cage
• 150 Gm in weight
• Lie in left hypochondrium, look like a shoe
• Between fundus of stomach and diaphragm
• Lie behind 9th,10th,11th rib.
SPLEEN

• It has anterior end reach the midclavicular line,


passes downward and forward
• Posterior end is rounded rest on the upper pole
of left kidney
• Spleen has two borders superior is notched
near its anterior end
• Has two surfaces diaphragmatic is smooth and
convex,visceral surface is irregular and concave
spleen
Relation of spleen
• Gastric impression for fundus of stomach
• Renal impression for left kidney
• Colic impression for splenic flexure of colon
• Pancreatic impression for the tail of pancreas
between hilum and colic impression
• Hilum is found in inferior medial part of gastric
impression
• Hilum transmit splenic vessels and provide
attachments for ligaments
Function of spleen

• Immune resopnces,B,T lymphocytes


• Phagocytosis
• Hematopoiesis,RBCS in fetal life ,lymphopoiesis
through adult life
• Storage of red blood cells,8% of RBCs are stored in
spleen
Thymus
 Formed of two identical lobes
 Lymphoid mass in the thorax,
overlying the heart, behind
sternum
 Large in children, atrophy in
old age
 Important in immune system
 Produce hormone thymosin
Tonsils
• Tonsils are collection of lymphoid tissue lying the aero
digestive tract
• Remove bacteria, and other pathogens entering the throat
• They reach big size at pubertiy, and gradual atrophy after
that
• The set of lymphoid tissue is called Waldeyer's
Tonsillar ring include
 Adenoid tonsil nasopharyngeal tonsil
 Two palatine tonsils
 Two tubal tonsils near Eustachian tube
 Lingual tonsil under base of tongue
Peyer's patches: found in the wall of small
intestine
MALT: mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
Collection of small lymphoid tissues Protect the
upper respiratory and digestive system,
• Include tonsils and the patches
Lymph nodes in the neck

• Horizontal group level I


• Submental tip of tongue floor of mouth, incisor
teeth,gum,central part of lower lip
• Submandibular front of scalp,upper,lower
lip,sinuses,upper,lower teeth, anterior two thirds of tongue,
floor of mouth,vestibule,gum.
• Parotid scalp,ear,eyelid
• Pre auricular ear
• Post auricular scalp, ear
• Occipital back of scalp
Cervical lymph nodes

• Vertical group
• Anterior cervical,skin,superficial tissue of front of neck
• Superficial cervical skin of mandible,parotid,ear lobule
• Posterior cervical posterior triangle
• Laryngeal, and tracheal nodes, larynx pre,para
tracheal nodes from trachea, thyroid
• Deep cervical from skull, root of neck Upper, middle
lower jugular
• Jugulodigastric tonsil,tongue,jugulo-omohyoid tongue
• trachea nasopharynx, tongue
Levels of lymph nodes in the neck
I,II,III,IV V VI VII
LN and area drained

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy