LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

By: JORDAN & MARIMILDA

OVERVIEW:

We are going to discuss the lymphatic system. A silent player in

our body that doesn’t get the spotlight like the circulatory system.
It is a venous network in our body like the circulatory system, with
various stopovers and monitoring sites
Introduction:

To kick things off, think of the lymphatic system as a partner to

our blood circulation. It’s responsible for balancing fluids,
defending us against invaders and aiding in the transport of
certain nutrients.

The lymphatic system is a complex network of vessels, nodes

and organs that transport lymph throughout the body. It moves a
transparent fluid known as lymph that contains white blood cells
our immune warriors.

This system collaborates with our bloodstream to keep us

healthy. It plays an important role maintaining fluid balance,
filtering harmful substances and supporting immune function.
LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
Essentially a drainage
system accessory to
venous system

larger particles that escape into

tissue fluid can only be removed
via lymphatic system
 Functions of the Lymphatic System

◻ Reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid:

returns it to the venous circulation
Maintains the blood volume level
prevent interstitial fluid levels from rising out of control.

◻ Transport dietary lipids:

transported through lacteals
drain into larger lymphatic vessels
eventually into the bloodstream.

◻ lymphocyte development, and the immune

response.
 Components of the Lymphatic System
◻ Lymph
◻ Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymphatic Ducts
◻ Lymphatic Organs
Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
◻ Lymphatic cells
 Lymph Vessels
◻ Lymphatic capillaries
◻ Lymphatic collecting vessels
◻ Lymphatic trunks
◻ Lymphatic ducts
 Lymphatic Capillaries
Features of structure:
◻ Blind end

◻ Single layer of overlapping

endothelial cells
◻ More permeable than that of blood

capillary
◻ Absent from avascular structures,
brain, spinal cord splenic pulp and
bone marrow
Lymphatic Capillaries – Lacteals

◻ The small intestine contains special types of

lymphatic capillaries called lacteals.

◻ Lacteals pick up not only interstitial fluid, but

also dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins.

◻ The lymph of this area has a milky color due to

the lipid and is also called chyle.
 Lymphatic Vessels

Features of structure
❑ Three layered wall but
thinner than vein,
❑ More numerous valves
than in vein
❑ Interposed by lymph
nodes at intervals
❑ Arranged in superficial
and deep sets
 LYMPH TRUNKS

❑ right and left jugular trunks

❑ right and left subclavian trunks
❑ right and left bronchomediastinal
trunks
❑ right and left lumbar trunks
❑ intestinal trunk
 LYMPHATIC DUCTS

Right lymphatic duct

■ Formed by union of right

jugular, subclavian, and
bronchomediastinal trunks

■ Ends by entering the right

venous angle
 LYMPHATIC DUCTS

Thoracic duct
◻ Begins in front of L1 as a
dilated sac, the cisterna chyli,
◻ formed by left and right
lumbar trunks and intestinal
trunk
◻ Enter thoracic cavity &
ascends
◻ Travels upward, veering to the
left at the level of T5
 THORACIC DUCT

◻ At the root of the neck, it

turns laterally
◻ arches forwards and
descends to enter the left
venous angle
◻ before termination, it
receives the left jugular,
Subclavian and
broncho-mediastinal trunk
 DRAINAGE PATTERN
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
-Receives lymph from right half
of head, neck, thorax and right
upper limb, right lung, right
side of heart, right surface of
liver
THORACIC DUCT - Drains
lymph from lower limbs,
pelvic cavity, abdominal
cavity, left side of thorax, and
left side of the head, neck and
left upper limb
 Lymphatic Cells
◻ Also called lymphoid cells.
◻ Located in both the lymphatic system and the
cardiovascular system.
◻ Work together to elicit an immune response.
◻ Types of lymphatic cells are:
macrophages
epithelial cells
dendritic cells
lymphocytes
 LYMPHATIC ORGANS
Primary organs
Red bone marrow
Thymus gland

Secondary organs
Lymph nodes
Lymph nodules
Spleen
 Lymph
◻
Nodes
Small, round or oval
◻ located along the pathways of
lymph vessels.
◻ length from 1 - 25 millimeters
◻ Typically found in clusters
◻ receive lymph from many body
regions.
◻ Lymph nodes are also found
individually throughout the body
tissues.
Lymphatic Nodules

◻ Oval clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular

matrix that are not surrounded by a connective tissue
capsule.

◻ Filter and attack antigens.

◻ In some areas of the body, many lymphatic nodules group

together to form larger structures.
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) or tonsils
very prominent in the mucosa of the small intestine,
primarily in the ileum
■ Peyer patches
also present in the appendix
 Spleen

❑ Location
Left epigastric region
between 9th-11th rib
in line of 10th rib
◻ Largest lymphatic organ in the
body.
◻ Can vary considerably in size and
weight

❑ Function
 THYMUS

Features
❑ Consists of two

elongated lobes
❑ Is a large organ in the
fetus
❑ Occupies the thoracic
cavity behind the
sternum
❑ Secrete lymphopoietin
 Tonsils
◻ clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular
matrix not completely surrounded by a
connective tissue capsule.
◻ Consist of multiple germinal centers and crypts

◻ Several groups of tonsils form a protective ring

around the pharynx.
pharyngeal tonsils (or adenoids) in
nasopharynx
palatine tonsils in oral cavity
lingual tonsils along posterior one-third of the
tongue
 APPLIED
ANATOMY
LYMPHANGITIS
◻ Inflammation of the lymph
vessels

◻ Commonest cause bacteria

called streptococcus
pyogenes(most common).

◻ Lymph vessels appear as red

streaks through the skin
FILARIASIS
 LYMPHEDEMA
◻ Occurs due to
accumulation of
lymphatic fluid in the
interstitial tissue

◻ Sometimes can be
appreciated after
wearing tight clothing or
jewelry on affected limb
 LYMPHADENOPATHY

◻ Means a disease of the

lymph nodes

◻ Lymph nodes become

swollen/ enlarged and
may be painful to
touch
 LYMPHOMAS
◻ Cancers originating
either from the
lymphocytes in the
lymph nodes or the
lymphatic tissue in
organs

◻ Risk factors -- HIV,

HEPATITIS, EBV
infections
 TONSILLITIS

◻ Infection of the
pharyngeal tonsils
◻ Tonsils are swollen,
◻ Fever and pain during
swallowing usually
present
◻ Treatment – surgical
removal of tonsils
(TONSILLECTOMY)
 SPLENOMEGALY

◻ Enlarged
Spleen
◻ Various causes
LET’S REVISE SOME
IMPORTANT FACTS
 FUN FACTS!
1. Built-In Cleanup Crew: The lymphatic system acts like your body’s
own cleaning crew,
collecting waste and unwanted stuff from your tissues.

2. Tiny Bodyguards: It’s like having an army of tiny bodyguards in your

lymph. White
blood cells in your lymph help fight off germs and infections.

3. Balancing Act: The system helps maintain the right balance of fluids
in your body,
preventing swelling and puffiness.

4. Central Command: Your lymph nodes, found in your neck, armpits,

and other
places, are like command centers that monitor and filter your lymph.

5. Spleen’s Special Role: Your spleen, a part of the lymphatic system,

works like a
blood filter and helps store blood cells.
 FUN FACTS!
6. Lymphatic Highway: Lymph vessels, like highways,
carry lymph throughout your body, making sure everything is where it needs to be.

7. Exercise Boosts It: When you move and exercise, you help the lymphatic system
do its job better.

8. Slow and Steady: Unlike blood, lymph doesn’t have a pump, so it relies on your
body’s movements to keep it flowing.

9. Cancer Connection: The lymphatic system is a common path for cancer to

spread, so doctors keep a close eye on it during cancer treatments.

10. Massage Matters: Lymphatic massages can help reduce swelling and improve
circulation in the lymphatic system.Yung lymph nodes ayan ung mga kulani, kaya
namamaga
pag may
 QUIZ!

1. What part of the body acts like a cleaning crew, removing waste from tissues?
2. I am a part of lymphatic system and protect the body by clearing worn out red
cells and foreign bodies from the blood stream. Who am I?
• Thymus
• Palatine Tonsil
• Spleen
• Lymph Node
3. Which is the correct statement about the Lymphatic system?

A. It Reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid and

returns it to the venous circulation.

B. Transports dietary lipids through lacteals

.
C. Helps in lymphocyte development, and the immune
response.
D. All of the above
 QUIZ!
4. What are the small, infection-fighting cells found
in the lymph called?

5. ________ The command centers that monitor and

filter the lymph located.

6. Which disease caused by mosquito bite blocks the lymphatic drainage causing
huge swelling of body parts (commonly lower limb)

• A. Malaria
• B. Filaria
• C. Dengue
• D. Yellow Fever

7. Which of these is a primary lymphoid organ?

A. Lymph Node
B. Spleen
C. Tonsil
D. Bone Marrow
 QUIZ
8. Body Movements help keeps the lymph
flowing since it lacks its own pump.

True or False

9. The three organs are Tonsils,

Lymphedema, and Thymus are the organs
that helps to protect your body.

True or False

10. What is MALT?

THANK YOU!!