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Lymphatic System

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Dennis Mureithi
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21 views36 pages

Lymphatic System

Uploaded by

Dennis Mureithi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

MIRITI M.D
KMTC LECTURE SERIES
FORMATION AND TRANSPORT OF TISSUE FLUID
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Essentially a drainage
system accessory to
venous system

larger particles that escape into


tissue fluid can only be removed
via lymphatic system
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid:
returns it to the venous circulation
maintain blood volume levels
prevent interstitial fluid levels from rising out of control.
Transport dietary lipids:
transported through lacteals
drain into larger lymphatic vessels
eventually into the bloodstream.
• lymphocyte development, and the immune
response.
Components of the Lymphatic System
Lymph
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymphatic Ducts
Lymphatic Organs
Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymphatic cells
Lymphatic Capillaries
Features of structure:
• Blind end
• Single layer of overlapping
endothelial cells
• More permeable than that of
blood capillary
• Absent from avascular structures,
brain, spinal cord splenic pulp and
bone marrow
Lymphatic Capillaries – Lacteals

The small intestine contains special types of


lymphatic capillaries called lacteals.

Lacteals pick up not only interstitial fluid,


but also dietary lipids and lipid-soluble
vitamins.
The lymph of this area has a milky color due
to the lipid and is also called chyle.
Lymphatic Vessels

Features of structure
 Three layered wall but
thinner than vein,
 More numerous valves
than in vein
 Interposed by lymph
nodes at intervals
 Arranged in superficial
and deep sets
LYMPH TRUNKS

 right and left jugular trunks


 right and left subclavian trunks

 right and left


bronchomediastinal trunks
 right and left lumbar trunks
LYMPHATIC DUCTS

Right lymphatic duct

 Formed by union of right


jugular, subclavian, and
bronchomediastinal
trunks

 Ends by entering the right


venous angle
LYMPHATIC
DUCTS
Thoracic duct
Begins in front of L1 as a
dilated sac, the cisterna chyli,
formed by left and right
lumbar trunks and intestinal
trunk
Enter thoracic cavity &
ascends
Travels upward, veering to
the left at the level of T5
THORACIC DUCT…..

At the root of the neck, it


turns laterally
arches forwards and
descends to enter the left
venous angle
before termination, it
receives the left jugular,
Subclavian and broncho-
mediastinal trunk
DRAINAGE PATTERN
RIGHT LYMPHATIC
DUCT -Receives lymph
from right half of head,
neck, thorax and right upper
limb, right lung, right side of
heart, right surface of liver
THORACIC DUCT -
Drains lymph from lower
limbs, pelvic cavity,
abdominal cavity, left side
of thorax, and left side of
the head, neck and left
Lymphatic Cells
Also called lymphoid cells.
Located in both the lymphatic system and the
cardiovascular system.
Work together to elicit an immune response.
Types of lymphatic cells are:
macrophages
epithelial cells
dendritic cells
lymphocytes
LYMPHATIC ORGANS
Primary organs
Red bone marrow
Thymus gland

Secondary organs
Lymph nodes
Lymph nodules
Spleen
Lymph Nodes
24-
Small,
20 round or oval
located along the pathways
of lymph vessels.
length from 1 - 25
millimeters
Typically found in clusters
receive lymph from many
body regions.
Lymph nodes are also found
individually throughout the
body tissues.
Lymph node
Features
 Bean-shaped bodies
 With afferent vessels (entering
at the periphery) and efferent
lymph vessels(emerging at the
hilus)
 Arranged in groups, along the
blood vessels or the flexural
side of the joint
 Divided into superficial and
deep groups
Regional Lymph drainage

 Regional Lymph Node is the lymph


node where the lymph of the organ or
part of the body drainge to firstly
Sentinel Lymph Node(in clinic)
Spleen

 Location
 Left epigastric region
 between 9th-11th rib
 in line of 10th rib
• Largest lymphatic organ in the
body.
• Can vary considerably in size
and weight

 Function
THYMUS

Features
Consists of two
elongated lobes
Is a large organ in the
fetus
Occupies the thoracic
cavity behind the
sternum
Secrete
lymphopoietin
Lymphatic Nodules
24-
Oval
25 clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular
matrix that are not surrounded by a connective tissue
capsule.

Filter and attack antigens.

In some areas of the body, many lymphatic nodules group


together to form larger structures.
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) or tonsils
very prominent in the mucosa of the small intestine,
primarily in the ileum
 Peyer patches
also present in the appendix
Tonsils
clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix
not completely surrounded by a connective tissue
capsule.
Consist of multiple germinal centers and crypts

Several groups of tonsils form a protective ring


around the pharynx.
pharyngeal tonsils (or adenoids) in nasopharynx
palatine tonsils in oral cavity
lingual tonsils along posterior one-third of the
tongue
APPLIED
ANATOMY
LYMPHANGITIS

• Inflammation of the lymph


vessels

• Commonest cause bacteria


called streptococcus
pyogenes(most common).
• Lymph vessels appear as
red streaks through the skin
FILARIASIS
LYMPHEDEMA
Occurs due to
accumulation of
lymphatic fluid in the
interstitial tissue

Sometimes can be
appreciated after
wearing tight clothing
or jewellary on affected
limb
LYMPHADENOPATHY

Means a disease of
the lymph nodes

Lymph nodes
become swollen/
enlarged and may be
painful to touch
LYMPHOMAS
Cancers originating
either from the
lymphocytes in the
lymph nodes or the
lymphatic tissue in
organs

Risk factors -- HIV,


HEPATITIS, EBV
infections
TONSILLITIS
Infection of the
pharyngeal tonsils
Tonsils are swollen,
Fever and pain during
swallowing usually
present
Treatment – surgical
removal of tonsils
(TONSILLECTOMY)
SPLENOMEGALY

• Enlarged Spleen
• Various causes
06/01/2024

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