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Lecture 3 Features of Dam

This document discusses different types and classifications of dams. It describes how dams are classified based on their size, purpose, material used, and configuration. The main types discussed are gravity dams, arch dams, earth dams, buttress dams, and rockfill dams. Advantages and applications of each type are provided. For example, gravity dams can withstand high pressures but require strong foundations, while earth dams are cheaper to build but require impermeable cores. The document aims to cover the basic features, components, and classifications of different dam types.

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Habtamu Hailu
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35 views16 pages

Lecture 3 Features of Dam

This document discusses different types and classifications of dams. It describes how dams are classified based on their size, purpose, material used, and configuration. The main types discussed are gravity dams, arch dams, earth dams, buttress dams, and rockfill dams. Advantages and applications of each type are provided. For example, gravity dams can withstand high pressures but require strong foundations, while earth dams are cheaper to build but require impermeable cores. The document aims to cover the basic features, components, and classifications of different dam types.

Uploaded by

Habtamu Hailu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 2

Dam basics
Features and classifications of dams
Dam Basics

Reservoir
Dam

River

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


DAM PROFILE
COMPONENTS/FEATURES

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


COMPONENTS/FEATURES

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


COMPONENTS/FEATURES

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


FEATURES

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


DAM TYPES

CLASSIFICATION OF DAMS

 Based on Size
 Based on function
 Based on material used
DAM TYPES
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PURPOSE
 Storage /reservoir
 Hydro-electric dam
 Irrigation dam
Single purpose

 Water supply dam for city for the purposes of drinking water,
recreation, navigation thro canals, industrial use. Habitat dam
for fishes & wild life
 Effluent containing dams from industry, mine, factory etc.

 Detention /Flood Control


 dams, dikes
 Diversion

 Weirs, barrage

 Multi-purpose dam: designed for serving combination


two or more of above purpose at a time
DAM TYPES
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
concret

 Gravity
 Buttress
e

 Arch
 Masonry
Embankment

 Earth Dam
 Rock fill Dam
 Composite Dam

 Based on service time


 Permanent
 temporary
DAM TYPES
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON:

configuration & Way to resist imposed force


 Gravity: Earth, rock fill concrete & buttress
• Arch: transfer the imposed force to adjacent
rock wall on either side of the canyon

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


DAM TYPES
Shape of dam as plan view

Gravity Concrete
Concrete Arch (mass)

Earthen Embankment
More than 50%
Compacted earth

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


DAM TYPES
 Gravity dam: rigid monolithic structure
 Trapezoidal cross section
 Minimal differential movement tolerated
 Dispersed moderate stress on valley floor and
walls

 Arch dam: high strength concrete wall


 Convex faces upstream
 Thin walled structure
 Relatively flexible
 Huge stresses imposed on valley walls and floor

 Earth dams: bank or earth or rock with


impermeable core
 Core of clay or concrete, extended below ground
 Sand or gravel drains built to cut fluid pressure
 Low stress applied to valley floor and walls
EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021
RELATIVE ADVANTAGES
Gravity (concrete )dam Embankment (earth) dam

 Stable strong and durable  Cheaper , suite to wide


 Suite to gorges with steep flat slope
slope  Separate spillway
 Constructed to great height  Shorter time of
 Can use over flow spillway construction
 Suited to high down pour  Less skilled labor
 Can be constructed in all
climate  Suite to subsequent raise
 Use deep-set sluice to  Are more earth quake
minimize sediment resistant
 Low maintenance cost

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021


RELATIVE ADVANTAGES

Arch dam vs. gravity dam Buttress dam to gravity dam

 Less concrete  Less concrete , low cost


 More suite to V shaped narrow  Uplift pressure is not major
gorge factor in design
 Less affected by uplift pressure  Constructed on relatively weak
due its small width foundation
 Better on less strong foundation  Water on the deck assist
 But need good rock on the stability
flank , sophisticated form  Better in heat dissipation so
work , not constructed in very has provision to speedy
cold climate (alternate freezing construction, provision to raise
and thawing) lead to spalling of  Need costly formwork ,
concrete , and slow reinforcement, not suite to
construction speed construct in cold climate
EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021
RELATIVE ADVANTAGES

 In expensive if rock
fragments are available
 Rapid construction
 Same as that of the earth
Better withstand earth
dam quake
 Can be constructed in
adverse climate
 But
 Need more strong
foundation
 Need heavy machine for
transport
Rock fill to gravity dam Rock fill to earth dam

EIT- HU MZ 2005 ET 01/19/2021

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