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Short-Cuts To Differentiation

The document discusses the product and quotient rules of differentiation. It defines the rules, provides examples of applying the rules, and illustrates them with figures. It also includes exercises for readers to practice applying the rules.

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78 views7 pages

Short-Cuts To Differentiation

The document discusses the product and quotient rules of differentiation. It defines the rules, provides examples of applying the rules, and illustrates them with figures. It also includes exercises for readers to practice applying the rules.

Uploaded by

abrziqri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

CHAPTER 3

SHORT-CUTS TO DIFFERENTIATION
Section 3.3
The Product and
Quotient Rules

Calculus, 6th edition, Hughes-Hallett et. al., Copyright


2013 by John Wiley & Sons, All Rights Reserved
Difference of a Product
f(x + h)g(x + h) − f(x)g(x)
= (Area of whole rectangle) − (Unshaded area)
= Area of the three shaded rectangles
= Δ f ・ g(x) + f(x) ・ Δ g + Δ f ・ Δ g.

Figure 3.13: Illustration for the product rule (with Δf, Δg positive)

Calculus, 6th edition, Hughes-Hallett et. al., Copyright


2013 by John Wiley & Sons, All Rights Reserved
Theorem 3.3: The Product Rule
If u = f(x) and v = g(x) are differentiable, then
(f g)′ = f′ g + f g′.
The product rule can also be written

In words:
The derivative of a product is the derivative of the
first times the second plus the first times the
derivative of the second.

Calculus, 6th edition, Hughes-Hallett et. al., Copyright


2013 by John Wiley & Sons, All Rights Reserved
Exercise 6
Find the derivative of y = (t2 + 3) et
Solution
dy/dt = (2t) et + (t2 + 3) et = (t2 + 2t +3) et

Exercise 54
Let f(3) = 6, g(3) = 12, f′(3) = 1/2 , and g′(3) = 4/3 .
Evaluate the following when x = 3.
(f(x)g(x))′ − (g(x) − 4f′(x))
Solution
At x = 3, (fg)’= f’(3)g(3) + f(3)g’(3) = (1/2)(12)+6(4/3) = 6+8 =14
So at x = 3, (f(x)g(x))′ − (g(x) − 4f′(x)) = 14 – (12-4·(1/2))
= 14 – 10 = 4

Calculus, 6th edition, Hughes-Hallett et. al., Copyright


2013 by John Wiley & Sons, All Rights Reserved
Theorem 3.4: The Quotient Rule
If u = f(x) and v = g(x) are differentiable, then
(f /g)′ = (f′ g - f g′)/g2

or equivalently,

In words:
The derivative of a quotient is the derivative of the
numerator times the denominator minus the numerator
times the derivative of the denominator, all over the
denominator squared.

Calculus, 6th edition, Hughes-Hallett et. al., Copyright


2013 by John Wiley & Sons, All Rights Reserved
Example 2a
Differentiate 5x2 /(x3 + 1)
Solution

Calculus, 6th edition, Hughes-Hallett et. al., Copyright


2013 by John Wiley & Sons, All Rights Reserved

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