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Nonlinear Optics

Nonlinear optics involves intense light that causes a nonlinear response in materials. It produces exotic effects like changing light colors and enabling ultrafast switching. In linear optics, light frequency is unchanged, but nonlinear optics allows generating new frequencies via effects like second harmonic generation. Phase matching is needed to maximize frequency conversion. Applications include optical computing, switching, data storage, and lasers. Future areas involve new nonlinear materials for more optimized devices and purely optical information processing.

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Priya Neelakandan
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129 views23 pages

Nonlinear Optics

Nonlinear optics involves intense light that causes a nonlinear response in materials. It produces exotic effects like changing light colors and enabling ultrafast switching. In linear optics, light frequency is unchanged, but nonlinear optics allows generating new frequencies via effects like second harmonic generation. Phase matching is needed to maximize frequency conversion. Applications include optical computing, switching, data storage, and lasers. Future areas involve new nonlinear materials for more optimized devices and purely optical information processing.

Uploaded by

Priya Neelakandan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NONLINEAR OPTICS

LAKSHMIPRIYA.N.K
CONTENTS
Linear optics vs Non-linear optics
Importance of Non-linear optics
Linear and Non-linear polarization
Phenomenon associated with NLO
Applications
Linear Optics vs Non Linear Optics
Linear optics : “Optics of weak light”
Light is deflected or delayed but its frequency is
unchanged.

Non Linear Optics: “Optics of Intense light”


Non linear phenomena are due ultimately to the
inability of the dipoles in the optical medium to
respond in a linear fashion to the alternating field
associated with the light beam.
Non Linear Optics can produce many
exotic events
 Nonlinear optics allows us to
change the color of a light beam,
to change its shape in a space and
time to switch telecommunication
systems and to create the shortest
events made by man.

Ex: sending infrared light into a


crystal yielded this display of
green light.
In Linear optics

The molecular emitted light with the


same energy as the input light under
the weak beam.
In Non linear Optics

Under High intensity of light, the excited


photons in the matrix can be excited to
higher energy level, emit light with
higher energy than the input light
energy
Importance of ‘NLO’
Optical wave manipulation is one of the future
technologies for optical processing

It has various application in fiber optic


communications and opto electronics which makes
it an increasingly important topic among electrical
engineers.
Polarization
Linear Non linear

P= 0 X.E (1) P= 0 [X(1)E+X(2)E2+X(3)E3+….] (2)

X is the electric susceptibility


 0 is the permittivity
 P is the induced polarization
 E is the Electric field
Phenomenons associated with NLO

Second Harmonic Generation(SHG)

Phase Matching
Second Harmonic Generation
Since P= 0 [X(1)E+X(2)E2+X(3)E3+….]

What are the effects of this non-linear terms?


If a sinusoidal changed electric field applied,
E=E0sin(wt) (3)
Eqn (2) can be written as:
P= 0[XEosin(wt)+X2E2(1-cos(2wt)…] (4)
2 = 2nd harmonic!
Second-order
non-linear crystal
1064 nm 1064 nm 532 nm

*
Sum frequency Generation
2 2
 (2) 
3
1
2

1 1
2
Application:
Tunable radiation in the UV
3
Spectral region. 1
Difference frequency Generation
2 2
 (2) 
3
1
2

1 1
Application:
The low frequency photon,
2
amplifies in the presence of high 1
frequency beam. This is known as 3
parametric amplification.
Conservation laws for photons in non linear
optics
•Energy must be conserved
w0=w1+w2+w3-w4+w5

• Moment must also be conserved:

k0=k1+k2+k3-k4+k5

but,k0 may not correspond to a


Light wave at frequency w0
Satisfying these two relations simultaneously is called “phase matching”
Phase Matching
Ensuring a proper phase relationship between
the interacting waves is maintained along the
propagation direction.
Phase Matching Techniques
Usual technique for phase matching: Birefringent
phase matching
Exploits birefringence to cancel the phase
mismatch
Applications
Optical phase conjugation
Optical parametric oscillators
Optical computing
Optical switching
Optical data storage
Optical Phase Conjugation
Itis possible, using non linear optical possess, to
exactly reverse the propagation direction and phase
variation of beam of light.
The reversed beam is called “conjugate beam” and
the technique is called “optical phase conjugation
(OPC)”
A device producing the OPC is known as phase
conjugation mirror(PCM)
Applications
◦ In optical amplifier
◦ In the process of laser fusion
Imaging and Aberration correction using
PCM

Basic two-pass geometry for imaging and aberration correction


using a PCM(Phase conjugate mirror).
Optical parameter oscillation
Converts the pump wave into two coherent light
waves with longer wavelengths.
Applications: Light detection and ranging (LIDAR),
High-resolution spectroscopy, Medical research,
Environmental monitoring, Display technology, and
Precision frequency metrology.
Optical computing
Optical Techniques can provide a number of ways
of extending the information processing capability
of electronics.
Large quantities of data can be generated from
different resources and powerful computer is
required to process them.
Just electronics are not enough for this and
therefore OPTICS can provide some solutions.
Digital Optical computer requires the use of
nonlinear optics.
Future Scope
 The field of Nonlinear Optics today has grown into a vast
enterprise with a considerable potential for technological
applications.
 The nonlinear optical (NLO) materials needed for optimized
components , however, have not yet been realized.
 New nonlinear optical materials and devices are in various
stages of development.
 Organic nonlinear optical materials are thought to play a key
role in the future of NLO.
 “Purely optical information processing looms on the
horizon”.
References
http://phys.strath.ac.uk
www.science20.com
www.rp-photonics.com
www.bookrags.com
www.en.wikipedia.org
www.nanobio.dk
Thanks
for the attention!

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