Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)

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 Purpose of PPE

To protect employees from hazards

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 Protective Equipment
 Personal protective equipment
– Eyes
– Face
– Head
– Extremities
 Protective clothing
 Respiratory devices
 Protective shields and barriers

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 Design and Condition
 Safe design and  Defective and damaged
construction for work equipment shall not be
performed used
 Sanitary and reliable  Must properly fit users
condition
– Provided
– Used
– Maintained
 Laundered
 Repaired
 Replaced

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 Purchase of PPE

 The employer is normally responsible

 PPE used by trades

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 Protect Against Hazards
 Hazards  Capable of causing
– Physical injury or impairment in
– Chemical the function of any part
– Biological/Infectious of the body through
(routes of entry)
– Inhalation
– Skin absorption
– Ingestion
– Contact with skin and/or
eyes

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 Required Implementation
 Engineering Control  Administrative Control
– Ventilation – Personal Hygiene
– Isolation – Maintenance
– Selected Equipment – Hand washing
– Redesign process or – Scheduled breaks
procedure – Assignment schedules

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 Certified Hazard Assessment
 Prepared by
– Consultant
– VA Personnel
 Insert - date of
written hazard assessment
 Insert - how to obtain
a copy of the written hazard assessment
 Required by 29 CFR 1910.132d

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 Overview of Hazard
Assessment
 Bloodborne  Shops
pathogens – Safety glasses
– Latex gloves – Safety shoes
– Gown – Hearing protection
– Safety glasses  Facilities
– Hand washing – Rubber gloves
 Handling trash – Non-slip shoes
– Rubber gloves – Safety glasses (when
– Safety shoes mixing detergents)

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 Reassessment of Hazards

Facility safety officer is responsible to

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Personal Protective Equipment
Program
 Defined by insert appropriate facility
policy
– Ordering
– Repair
– Maintenance
– Other requirements

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 Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (29 CFR 1910)
 General Requirements -- 132
 Eye and Face Protection -- 133
 Respiratory Protection -- 134
 Head Protection -- 135
 Foot Protection -- 136
 Electrical Protection -- 137
 Hand Protection -- 138
 Hearing Protection -- 95
 Specialized Standards -- e.g., 1030

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Eye and Face Protection
(29 CFR 1910.133)

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 Hazards to Eyes/Face
 Physical  Biological/Infectious
– Flying Particles – Blood
– Molten Metal – Saliva
– Potentially Injurious – Semen
Light Radiation – Body Tissue
– Ultraviolet (UV) light – Wastes
 Chemical – Animal Tissue
– Gases or Vapors – Potentially Infectious
– Liquids Materials
– Acids or Caustics

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 Safety Glasses
 Can be used with side shields (Required
if flying objects are present)
 Plastic
– Can fit over corrective lenses
– Can be worn alone
 Can accommodate most types of
prescriptive lenses

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 Goggles
 Should fit face snugly (sealing entire eye
area)
 Specially-coated lenses or ventilation
holes may prevent fogging
 Anti-fogging materials can be used
 When removing goggles, tilt head down
so that debris on top of goggles does not
fall into eyes

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Other Eye and Face Protection
 Face Shields  Sunglasses
– Worn for extremely – Provide protection against
hazardous jobs sun
– Worn with safety glasses or – Should filter 99 to 100
goggles percent UV
– Do not completely protect – Provide no protection
face against flying objects
 Hoods – Can reduce chances of
– Protect entire head and cataracts
face
– Can be worn with
respirators

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Inspection and Maintenance of
Eye and Face Protection
 Must be kept clean
 Must be free of scratches and other defects that
may obstruct vision
 Must be disinfected
– Periodically, if used by same person
– After each use, if shared
 Headband should be replaced when slack,
worn, or dirty

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 Eye Safety
 Review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
for chemicals used
– Identify eye protection required
– Become familiar with emergency response procedures
 Contact Lenses
– Do NOT provide protection
– Should NOT be worn around chemicals or chemical
vapors

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 Laser Eye Safety
 Follow guidance of laser manufacturer
 Wear safety glasses with filters that
protect against the wavelength of light
for the laser being used
 Partial reflections from Class IV lasers
can cause permanent eye damage

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 Head Protection
(29 CFR 1910.135)

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 Hazards to Head
 Falling or flying objects
 Electrical conductors
 Contamination from bloodborne
pathogens
 Sunburn and sunstroke
 Cold temperatures

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 Types and Classes of
Head Protection
 Types of protective hats
– Type 1, Helmets - full brim (at least 1.25”)
– Type 2, Brimless helmets with peak extending
forward from the crown
 Classes of industrial head protection
– Class A, General service - limited voltage protection
– Class B, Utility service - high voltage protection
– Class C, Special service - no voltage protection

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 Hard Hats (Class A)
 Hard exterior shell
 Shock-absorbing lining
– Headband
– Crown straps
 Protects against impact hazards
 Used in construction

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Electrical Bump Hats (Class B)
 Protects against impact and penetration
AND against high-voltage shock or burn
 Can be used where there is a possibility
of bumping against a fixed object
 Used by electrical workers
 Sometimes used in construction

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 Other Head Protection
 Safety Hat or Cap  Hat or Cap
(Class C) – Protects against
– Protects against exposure to sun (4
impacts inch brim)
– Provides lightweight – Protects against
comfort exposure to cold (ear
– Provides no electrical flaps)
protection – Generally not
considered PPE

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 Specialized Head Protection
 Hairnets  Surgical Caps
– Food service employees – Infection control and
– Sanitation and cleanliness cleanliness
 Hoods – Worn during medical
– Can be used in extremely procedures that involve
hazardous situations large amounts of blood
 Autopsies
– Can be used with
 Orthopedic surgery
respirators
– Can provide eye and face
protection

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Inspection and Maintenance of
Head Protection
 Damage  Visually inspect daily
– Dents  Clean periodically
– Cracks  May adversely affect
– Penetration protection provided
– Abuse – Paint
– Mutilation – Sunlight
– Other damage that might – Extreme temperatures
reduce the degree of
protection provided

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 Foot Protection
(29 CFR 1910.136)

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 Foot Hazards and Protection
 Hazards to Feet  Foot Protection
– Falling or rolling – Safety Shoes
objects – Slip Resistant Soles
– Objects that pierce the – Shoe Covers
sole – Rubber or Synthetic
– Electrical exposures Boots
– Slipping – Leather Work Boots

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 Safety Shoes
 Steel-reinforced toe (protects foot from
being pierced or crushed)
 Puncture-resistant or heat-resistant soles
(optional)
 Metal-free non-conductive materials
(working around exposed electrical
conductors)

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 Other Foot Protection
 Boots  Shoe Covers
– Rubber/Synthetic – May be required for
 May be required when some medical
working around procedures
chemicals
 Autopsies
 Slip-resistant Soles
– Leather – OSHA recommends
 Recommended for – Will reduce the
outdoor maintenance number of injuries
activities resulting from slips,
 Avoid wearing around trips, or falls
chemicals

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Electrical Protection
(29 CFR 1910.137)

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 Electrical Protective
Equipment (Insulated Rubber)
 Required when exposed  Maintained in a safe and
to electrical hazards reliable condition
– Blankets  Cleaned as needed
– Matting  Requires periodic
– Covers electrical testing
– Line hose
– Gloves
– Sleeves

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 Inspections
 Before each day’s use  Cannot use equipment
 Following any incident with:
that caused damage – Hole, tear, puncture, or cut
 Insulating properties – Ozone cutting or ozone
checking
cannot be degraded – Embedded foreign objects
 Insulating equipment – Swelling, softening,
failing to pass inspections hardening, stickiness, or
or electrical tests may not inelasticity
be used unless specific
requirements are met

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 Storage
 Location and manner of
storage must protect
from:
– Light
– Temperature extremes
– Excessive humidity
– Ozone
– Other injurious substances
and conditions

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 Hand Protection
(29 CFR 1910.138)

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 Hand Protection
 Provided to protect  Types of hand protection
against – Machine guards
– Absorption of harmful – Electric eyes
substances – Push sticks
– Severe cuts or lacerations – Controls requiring two
– Severe abrasions hands
– Punctures – Gloves
– Chemical or thermal burns
– Harmful temperature
extremes

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 Glove Selection Criteria
 Selection based on  Selection based on
evaluation of individual
performance characteristics
characteristics – Grip
– Task(s) to be performed – Dexterity
– Conditions present – Flexibility
– Duration of use – Hand size
– Hazards and potential – Glove length
hazards identified  Too tight - may rip
 Too loose - affects grip
and comfort

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 General Purpose Gloves
 Cotton  Protect against
– Can be specially – Abrasion
coated – Cuts
– Allows handling of – Punctures
delicate components – Snags
– Absorbs oil – Temperature extremes
 Leather
– Rough surfaces
– Heat
– Sparks

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 Cut-resistant Gloves
 Designed for use with  Protect against
sharp knives and – Cuts
blades – Abrasion
 May contain  Some may protect
– Cut-resistant yarns against punctures
– Composite materials
– Metal mesh (Required
of most meatcutting
and de-boning
operations)

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 Special Purpose Gloves
 Surgical  Protect against
 Examination specific hazards
 Firefighters – HIV/Hepatitis
 Smelters
– Heat and burns
– Patient protection
 Welders
 Clean rooms

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 Latex Gloves
 Natural  Synthetic
– Required for surgery – Cannot be used for
– Can be used for surgery
examinations – Can be used for
– Label NOT required examinations
– Hypoallergenic gloves – Label NOT required
NOT tested for natural
rubber proteins
(source of latex
allergies)

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 Chemical-resistant Gloves
 Must be selected for the Protect against
specific chemical used – Dermatitis
(Consult manufacturer’s – Chemical burns
guidance) – Cancer
 Non-porous  Resist
 Selection based on – Penetration
– Permeation
– Potential toxic effects of
chemicals used
– Degradation
– Likely routes of entry
– Degree of hazard

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 Penetration
 Natural rubber  Synthetic rubber
– Protects against resists
liquids that mix with – Oils
water – Greases
– Provides no protection – Acids
against petroleum or – Caustics
oil-based solvents – Many petroleum
products

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 Permeation
 Must consult  Often coated with
manufacturer’s – Polyvinyl chloride
technical data for (PVC)
specific chemical – Nitrile
used – Neoprene
 No protective barrier
– Latex
provides permeation
protection for all
chemicals

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 Degradation
 Signs of degradation  Inspect before each
– Stiffer use
– More brittle – Rips
– Softer – Holes
– Weaker – Weak seams
 Major indication that – Imperfections
gloves should be
replaced

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 Hand Safety
 Do NOT wear gloves that are damaged
 Clean off contaminants before you remove gloves
 Remove gloves safely
 Properly decontaminate and store gloves
 Monitor the condition of your gloves as you work
 Follow manufacturer’s guidance for maintenance and
storage
 Dispose of gloves properly

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Skin Protection

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 Hazards to Skin
 Hazards  Protections available
– Sunburn – Protective clothing
– Skin Cancer – Sunscreen
– Dermatitis – Insect repellent
– Poison ivy, oak, sumac – Scheduling of work
– Insect and animal – Ointments
bites

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 Prevention of Sun Damage
 Avoid the sun’s  Wear sunglasses
strongest rays (99 - 100% UV ray
(10 a.m. - 4 p.m.) protection)
 Wear protective  Always wear a
clothing sunscreeen with SPF
– Broad-brimmed hats of 15 or more
– Long pants  Avoid sunlamps,
– Long-sleeved shirts tanning beds, and
tanning parlors

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Torso Protection

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 Hazards to Torso
 Hazards
– Heat
– Splashes from hot
metals and liquids
– Impacts
– Cuts
– Acids
– Radiation

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 Types of Protection
 Options  Materials
– Vests – Fire retardant wool
– Jackets – Specially treated
– Aprons cotton
– Coveralls – Leather
– Full body suits – Rubberized fabrics
– Lead lined coverings – Disposable suits
– Gowns

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 Lifting or Back Belts
 Must follow  Back belts can be
manufacturer’s obtained by
guidance contacting

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Appropriate PPE for Exposure
to Bloodborne Pathogens
 Does NOT permit blood  Does NOT permit blood
or other potentially or other potentially
infectious materials to infectious materials to
pass through to reach
– Employee’s work – Skin
clothes – Eyes
– Employee’s street – Mouth
clothes – Other mucous
– Undergarments membranes
 Under normal conditions  For the duration of time
of use to be used

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PPE for Bloodborne Pathogens
 Gloves  Surgical caps or hoods
 Gowns or aprons  Shoe covers or boots
 Laboratory coats  Clinic jackets
 Face shields or  Resuscitation bags
masks and eye  Pocket masks
protection  Other ventilation
 Goggles or glasses devices
with side shields
 Mouthpieces

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Gloves Required for Exposure
to Bloodborne Pathogens
 When reasonably anticipated that employee
may have hand contact with
– Blood
– Other potentially infectious materials
– Mucous membranes
– Non-intact skin
 When performing vascular access procedures
 When handling or touching contaminated items
or surfaces

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Hearing Protection
(29 CFR 1910.95)

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 Hearing Protectors
 If exposed to 85 dB or  Must be worn if:
greater for eight-hour Duration Sound Level
TWA: (hours per day) (dBA)
– Hearing protection must be 8 90
available 6 92
– Hearing protection must be 4 95
worn if 3 97
 No baseline audiogram 2 100
has been established 1.5 102
 Hearing threshold has 1 105
changed an average of 10 0.5 110
dB or more at 2000, 0.25 or less 115
3000, or 4000 hertz in
either ear

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 Locations Requiring
Noise Protection
 Building #  Building #
– Room ### – Insert appropriate
– Mechanical room locations
– Penthouse
 Building #
– Room ###  Building #
– Shop area – Insert appropriate
locations

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 Types of Hearing Protectors
 Earplugs  Earmuffs
– Lightweight – Easily put on or removed
– Comfortable for long – Require entire ear to fit
periods of time inside cup (seal)
– Made of soft fibers or foam – May interfere with glasses
(self-forming) or goggles
– Disposable or reusable – Can be designed for use
– Performed, pre-molded, or with hard hats
custom molded

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 General Considerations
 Proper initial fit required
 Must be used correctly
 Must receive training in the use and care of
hearing protectors provided
 Must be allowed to select hearing protectors
from a variety of suitable hearing protectors
provided by employer
 Must be replaced as necessary

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 Hearing Safety
 If you have to shout to talk to someone within 2
or 3 feet - Wear hearing protection
 Off-the-job activities (woodworking, shooting,
etc.) can hurt your hearing - Hearing
protection is recommended
 Never remove hearing protection in high noise
areas
 Do NOT share hearing protection with others

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Respiratory Protection
(29 CFR 1910.134)

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 Hazards Requiring Respirators
 Protect against breathing  Healthcare-related
air contaminated with exposures that may
harmful: require respirators:
– Dusts – Tuberculosis
– Fogs – Ethylene oxide
– Fumes – Some chemicals used for
– Mists disinfection or
– Gases preservation (morgues)
– Smokes – Animal fecal matter
– Sprays  Other related exposures
– Vapors – Asbestos
– Infectious biological agents – Paint fumes

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 Respirators
 Types of Facepieces  Types of Respirators
– Half-face – Air Purifying
– Full-face  N95 (Tuberculosis)
– Hoods  Dust, fume, mist
 Powered air purifying
– Air Supplied
 Self-contained
breathing apparatus
 Air Line

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 General Considerations
 Written program  Certification by NIOSH
required  Selection in accordance
 Medical examination in with ANSI Z88.2
accordance with ANSI  Fit testing required in
Z88.6 accordance with ANSI
 Annual follow-up Z88.10
 Cleaning and
disinfection
 Proper storage

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 Emergency Response
(29 CFR 1910.120)
 Facility Emergency  Level A - Encapsulating
Response Plan addresses chemical protective suit
PPE if:  Level B - Respiratory
– An industrial facility protection
intends to use the medical
center, if there is an
emergency
– Medical center provides
support during responses
to natural phenomenon

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 Summary
 PPE must  If you have questions
– Protect against the hazard concerning PPE
– Protect the route of entry provided contact
– Be maintained in a safe – Your supervisor
and sanitary condition – Facility safety personnel
– Be used properly  If you have questions
 PPE is available by concerning the health
contacting effects associated with
– Your supervisor PPE contact employee
– Facility safety office health personnel
personnel

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