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A L (ALS) : Pproach Ighting Ystem

This lecture discusses the importance of Approach Lighting Systems (ALS) during aircraft landing. ALS allows pilots to see and identify the runway end and align the aircraft to land. It is especially important during nighttime, bad weather or poor visibility. If a pilot is unable to see the ALS at the decision height of an approach, they must abort the landing and initiate a missed approach procedure. Common ALS configurations include ALSF-1 and ALSF-2. Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI) and Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPI) also help pilots judge their approach path visually.

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zuliana
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436 views23 pages

A L (ALS) : Pproach Ighting Ystem

This lecture discusses the importance of Approach Lighting Systems (ALS) during aircraft landing. ALS allows pilots to see and identify the runway end and align the aircraft to land. It is especially important during nighttime, bad weather or poor visibility. If a pilot is unable to see the ALS at the decision height of an approach, they must abort the landing and initiate a missed approach procedure. Common ALS configurations include ALSF-1 and ALSF-2. Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI) and Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPI) also help pilots judge their approach path visually.

Uploaded by

zuliana
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Lecture 12:

Approach
Lighting System (ALS)

By: Zuliana Ismail,201


Learning Outcomes

Home
• At the end of this lecture, the student should
Previous be able to:
– Describe the theory and use of Approach Lightings
Next
System (ALS) and their importance during aircraft
Help landing.
Home

Previous

Next

Help
Home

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Next

Help
Why Approach Lighting Systems is
important?
Importance of Lighting

Home

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Next

Help

Lighting systems are important for Lighting systems from the cockpit
a/c landing during night time. window during bad weather.
Poor visibility is mainly due to
heavy snowfall

5
Importance of Approach Lighting System

Home • Approach Lighting System (ALS) is the tail end of the Air
Previous
Navigation System, thus, it is important to affect the
aircraft landing.
Next
• ALS allows the pilot to see and identify the Runway end
Help
and align the aircraft to land on the runway.
• It very important especially during night time, bad
weather and poor visibility
• ALS also important to verify positive contact and let you
know where the begin an end of the runway is.
Home

Previous

Next What pilot should do if he unable to see the


Help
ALS?
ALS uses

Home • At the point where Decision Height is reached, pilot must


be able to see ALS, then pilot can continue the approach.
Previous

• If pilot can not see the ALS, the approach must be


Next
aborted and a missed approach procedure will be
performed.
Help

• This is where the aircraft will climb back to a


predetermined altitude and position.
• From there the pilot will either try the same approach
again, try a different approach or divert to another
airport.
Definition

Home
• Decision Height : the altitude at which, during a
Previous ILS landing approach, a pilot must decide
whether to land or missed approach.
Next

Help
ALS Configurations

Home
• ALS are designed to allow the pilot to quickly and
Previous positively identify visibility distances under
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).
Next

• The most common approach light system


Help
configurations include:
– ALSF-1: Approach Lighting System with
Sequenced Flashing Lights configuration 1
– ALSF-2: Approach Lighting System with
Sequenced Flashing Lights configuration 2
Approach Lighting System
Configuration 2
Home • To align the aircraft with the centerline of the
Previous
runway and to establish vertical orientation.
• Up to 174 steady burning white lights serve as
Next a reference plane,
• Two rows of red side row increase the pilots
Help
horizontal perception.
• Up to twenty-one white lights create a
sequential flash pattern that rolls toward the
runway threshold.
Approach Lighting Systems (ALS)
Thresholds Light: Appear green for a/c landing
and red a/c take-off

Home Runway Touch Down Zone Light


•Give depth view of the runway

Previous
3. Approach Light
•Warning red light, which a/c
should not land yet
Next

Help
2. Cross Bar Light
•Indicate a/c wings
status

Approach Lighting
1. Sequence Flashing Light System (ALS)
To guide the pilot’s eyes toward
the runway centerline
Home

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Next

Help
Home

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Help
VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE
INDICATORS (VASI)
VASI

Home
• VASI are light systems to assist pilot with visual
Previous guidance during an aircraft landing by indicate
the pilot’s right angle of approach.
Next

• They are located on the side of the runway and


Help
can be used both during the day and at night.
Home

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Next

Help

16
Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI)

Home
• VASI may have 2 bars (rows) of lights.
Previous
• A 2-bar system has one near and one far bar.
Next Each bar can contain 2 light units.
Help
• If both bars show white lights, you are too high
for your landing.
• If both bars show red, you are too low.
• If the far bar is red and the near bar is white
you are just right (be on the glide path).
Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI)

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Next

Help

18
Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI)

Home

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Next

Help
Home

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Help
PRECISION APPROACH
PATH INDICATOR (PAPI)
PAPI

Home
• PAPI work in a similar manner to the VASI.
Previous • The difference is PAPI only have one row of lights.
Next • This one row contain 4 light units.
Help • If all four lights show white, you are too high for
your landing.
• If all four lights show red, you are too low.
• If two lights show red and two lights show white
you are just right (be on the glide path).
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

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23

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