LESSON 3

UNIQUENESS OF
EARTH
Ms. Geneizzel B. Gotuato
Where is Earth Located
Orion Arm
Milky Way Galaxy
Local Group
Virgo Supercluster
Laniakea Supercluster
T L DE RF I P
LIFE
QUESTION:
What conditions are needed for life to
exist?
What temperature range is good for life?
What sort of atmosphere does life need?
Does life need liquid water?
Do organisms need light?
Does it matter how massive the planet is?
video
LIFE IN EXTREME CONDITIONS

What are the two types of

extreme environments?
LIFE IN EXTREME CONDITIONS

What do you call the organisms

that could survive extreme
conditions?
Examples of Extremophiles

Red Flat Bark Beetle

Examples of Extremophiles

Desert Ant
Examples of Extremophiles

Tardigrade or Water bear

ACTIVITY

5
GROUPS
ACTIVITY
SITUATION 1:
A meteoroid has hit your spaceship. You
have only 3 minutes to gather things. You
could only choose five (5) things from your
storage room, which you think can sustain
your life for 40 days until the rescue ship
arrives.

What will you choose?

QUESTION:
What do you think is the
common factor that is essential
for life?
WATER
COMPARISON TO MARS AND
VENUS
COMPARISON TO MARS AND
VENUS
 Habitable zone

 Is a region of space where conditions are best for

life to form as on Earth. Planets in these areas are
the most likely to have extraterrestrial life
Also called as “life zone” or Goldilocks zone.
Goldilocks effect' is that something must be
within limits: "not too hot, not too cold, but just
right".
FACTORS THAT MAKES a planet
habitable
1. TEMPERATURE
-influences how quickly atoms and
molecules move.
Temperature
-15°C to 115°C.
Liquid water can exist
 Temperature Temperature
Causes chemicals to At about 125C
react slowly, which protein and
interferes with the carbohydrate
reactions necessary molecules and
for life. genetic materials
It also freezes water (DNA and RNA)
making liquid water starts to break apart
unavailable. It also makes the
water quickly
evaporate.
2. Water

Dissolves and transports chemicals within and to and

from the cell
 Water Water
The chemicals a Too much water
cell needs for is not a problem
energy and as long as it is
growth are not not so toxic that
dissolved or it interferes with
transported to the the chemistry of
cell. life.
3. Atmosphere
Traps heat, shields the surface from harmful radiation,
and provides chemicals needed for life
Atmosphere
About 100 miles thick

Keeps the surface warm & protects

it from radiation & small to
medium sized meteorites
 Atmosphere Atmosphere
(thin) Venus atmosphere is
Small planets and 100 times thicker than
moons have Earth’s, It is made up
insufficient gravity to of almost entirely of
hold an atmosphere. greenhouse gasses,
The gas molecules making the surface too
escape to space, hot for life.
leaving the planet or
moon without an
insulating blanket or
protective shield.
GREENHOUSE GASES
IN THE ATMOSPHERE
4. Energy
Organisms use light or chemical energy to run their
life process
Energy
With steady input of either light
or chemical energy, cells can
run the chemical reactions
necessary for life
 Energy Energy
(sunlight) (sunlight)
When there is too Light energy is a
little sunlight or problem if it
too few of the makes a planet
chemicals that too hot or if there
provide energy to are too many
cells such as iron harmful rays ,
or sulfur, such as
organisms die ultraviolet.
5. Nutrients
Used to build and maintain an organism’s body
Nutrients
Volcanic activity can transport and
replenish the chemicals required by living
organism
 Nutrients Nutrients
Without chemicals to Too many nutrients are
make proteins and not a problem. How
carbohydrates, ever too active
organisms cannot grow. circulation system, such
Planets without systems as the volcanism
to deliver nutrients to interferes with
its organisms (water organism’s ability to get
cycle, volcanic activity) enough nutrients.
cannot support life.
QUESTION:
What conditions are needed for life to
exist?
What temperature range is good for life?
What sort of atmosphere does life need?
Does life need liquid water?
Do organisms need light?
Does it matter how massive the planet is?
ACTIVITY
SITUATION 2:
Something has gone terribly wrong on your
well packed space ship. You only have the
five things you have chosen. You need to
crash land in the nearest planetary system.
Which of the following planet or moon
would you choose?
(5 minutes)
NONOG SYSTEM
Planet 1 (closest the star)
Mass: 1.5 (Earth = 1)
Tectonics: Active volcanoes and seismic
activity detected.
Atmosphere: CO2, N, and H20 Average
Temperature: 651 degrees C
Description: Thick clouds surround the
planet. No surface is visible through the
clouds
NONOG SYSTEM
Planet 2
Mass: 0.5
Tectonics: No activity detected.
Atmosphere: Thin CO2 atmosphere
detected. Average Temperature: 10
degrees C
Description: Polar ice caps, dry riverbeds,
and many craters can be seen from orbit.
NONOG SYSTEM
Planet 3
Mass: 1 Tectonics: Active volcanoes and
seismic activity detected.
Atmosphere: CO2, H20
Temperature: 30 degrees C
Description: Liquid water oceans cover
much of the surface. Volcanic island
chains make up most of the dry land.
NONOG SYSTEM
Planet 4
Mass: 1.5 Tectonics: Active volcanoes
and seismic activity detected.
Atmosphere: N, O2, and ozone layer
Average
Temperature: 2 degrees C
Description: Cold oceans, covered with
ice along much of the globe. Some open
water around equator
NONOG SYSTEM
Planet 5
Gas Giant with one large moon.
Moon: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) atmosphere.
Many volcanoes and hot springs on
surface. Temperatures in hot spots can be
up to 600 degrees C. Other spots away
from volcanic heat can get as low in
temperature as 145 degrees C.
NONOG SYSTEM
Planet 6
Gas giant with four large, rocky satellites
(moons). Moons have no appreciable
atmosphere. Ice detectable on one.
NONOG SYSTEM
Planet 7 (furthest from star)
Gas giant with two large moons.
Moon 1: Thick methane atmosphere with high
enough pressure to keep a potential methane
ocean liquid underneath. Temperature: -200
degrees C
Moon 2: Covered in water ice. Ice appears
cracked and re-frozen in parts, indicating a
potential liquid ocean underneath. Surface
temperature -100 degrees C
video