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Types of Surface Aerators

This document discusses various methods of aeration in aeration tanks, including diffused air aeration using porous plates or tubes, mechanical aeration using surface aerators like paddles, and combined aeration using both diffusers and mechanical aerators. Diffused air aeration is the most common method, introducing compressed air through diffusers to create small bubbles for efficient oxygen transfer. Mechanical aeration uses rotating equipment at the surface to stir the liquid without compressed air. Combined aeration achieves aeration through both diffusing and mixing.

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Lakshmi Keshav K
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105 views30 pages

Types of Surface Aerators

This document discusses various methods of aeration in aeration tanks, including diffused air aeration using porous plates or tubes, mechanical aeration using surface aerators like paddles, and combined aeration using both diffusers and mechanical aerators. Diffused air aeration is the most common method, introducing compressed air through diffusers to create small bubbles for efficient oxygen transfer. Mechanical aeration uses rotating equipment at the surface to stir the liquid without compressed air. Combined aeration achieves aeration through both diffusing and mixing.

Uploaded by

Lakshmi Keshav K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of Aeration

in Aeration Tank

In Activated Sludge Process


Methods of Aeration
1. Diffused air Aeration or Air Diffusion
2. Mechanical Aeration
3. Combined Aeration
Diffused Air Aeration
• Compressed air under a pressure of 35 to 70 kN/m2
is introduced into aeration chamber, through
diffusion plates or other devices called Diffusers
• Main criteria for selection of a particular diffuser is
that it should be capable of diffusing air in small
bubbles- for better efficiency
 Porous plates and porous
tubes made of quartz or
crystalline alumina(alumina
oxide) are generally used
• Plates are generally square
or circular in shape with
dimensions of 30cm x
30cm and they are usually
25mm thick
• These plates are fixed at
the bottom of aeration
tanks
• Tube diffusers are
generally 60 cm long with
internal dia of 75mm and
thickness of wall equal to
15mm.
• These tubes are
suspended in the
aeration bank, and can
be taken out for cleaning,
without emptying the
tank.
• The effective areas for
the above standard plate
and tube diffusers work
out to 780cm2 and 1160
cm2
Two types of aeration tank
• Ridge and Furrow
type
• The tank is formed
into a succession of
ridges and Furrows
• Air is forced upward
through diffuser
plates placed at the
bottom of the
furrows
• Another popular Spiral
flow type of aeration
tank
• In this tank, air is
introduced near the side
of the tank in such a way
that spiral flow results in
the tank
• The compressed air, in
such a tank, can be
supplied either through
a plate diffuser or a tube
diffuser, although tube
diffusers are most widely
used.
• This type of tank
requires small
quantity of
compressed air at
low pressure.
Spiral motion set
up the
compressed air,
released through
the tube diffusers,
causes the
required aeration
• Quantity of air
required in
diffused aerators
, in order to
determine the
capacity of the
air compressor.
• About 4000 to
8000 m3 of free
air required per
million litres of
sewage
Mechanical Aeration(Types of Surface
Aerators)
1. Haworth System or • The sewage is stirredup
Sheffield Aeration by means of mechanical
System devices ( Like paddles-
2. Hartley system or Surface Aerators)
Birmingham Bio- • Lot of compressed air
Flocculation System (90 to 95%) gets wasted
3. Simplex Process in air diffusion system
4. Kessener process
1.Haworth System or Sheffield Aeration System
• 1m deep aeration tank
is divided by thin walls
in a series of long and
comparatively narrow
channels (70m x 1.5 m
plan area)
• Gives total travel of
about 1.5km
• At about midway of its
length, two rows of
paddles, revolving at
15 r.p.m are provided
with a horizontal shaft
crossing each channel
for the aeration of
Plan
sewage
PLAN- TOP VIEW
• The liquid is imparted a velocity sufficient to keep
the sludge in suspension
• The detention period of these tanks is about 15
hours, and the returned sludge ranges between
15 to 20 % sewage flow
• This method is generally known as Sheffield
system of mechanical aeration
2.Hartley system Birmingham Bio-Flocculation System
• Another system of
mechanical aeration
• Similar to the above
Haworth system
• With the modification
that here the paddles
are kept inclined at
some angle with the
vertical, and are fixed
at the end of the
channel.
• The diagonal baffles are
provided across the
channel to maintain
spiral flow
The sewage treatment plant at Ash Vale (Lambourn Division of the Thames Water
Authority) designed and installed by Simon-Hartley. The extended aeration system
gives a high quality effluent from a single process.
3.Simplex Process
• Tank square in plan
with hopper
bottom
• Sometimes
rectangular tank
may also be used;
but in that case it
must be divided
suitably into square
units
• At the centre of
the tank, a hollow
uptake tube is
suspended from
the top with a
distance about
15cm from the
bottom of the tank
• A steel cone with
spiral vanes is
provided at the
top of the uptake
tube and it is
driven by a motor
placed at the top
of the tank
• The cone is revolved
at a high speed (60
r.p.m) which sucks the
mixed liquor through
the uptake tube by
creating suction at the
bottom and sprays it
at the surface towards
the sides in the tank
• Numerous air bubbles
are formed in this
process which bring
about satisfactory
aeration of sewage
• Sewage also gets
throughly mixed up
with the activated
sludge during its
downward journey
4.Kessener process
• Kessener system is adopted for small
sewage treatment plants
• It consists of a long tank with an
agitating device in the form of a
partially submerged horizontal brush
located at one side of the tank at the
top as shown in Fig
• Originally the brushes were ordinary
street cleaning brushes but they are
now made of stainless steel needles.
• The brush is fixed longitudinally and is
partially submerged to a depth of
about 5 to 40 mm, and it is rotated at a
speed of about 40 to 50 r.p.m. The
rotation of the brush causes wave
action in the mixture of sewage and
returned activated sludge (or mixed
liquor) to bring about necessary
Combined Aeration
Combined Aeration
Dorroco aerator or Imhoff aerator
• Diffused – air aeration as
well as Mechanical
aeration
• A well known type –
DORROCO Aerator
• Aeration is achieved by
diffusing air through
bottom diffuser plates as
well as rotating paddles
(10 to 12 rpm)
• Spiral motion, so set up
brings about the
requires aeration
• Such an aeration
is efficient,
detention period
is smaller (3 to 4
hours) and
requires less
amount of
compressed air as
compared to
diffused –air
aeration

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