SEMESTER 2 2020/2021

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

(BFC 32602)

Prof. Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman

Ts. Dr. Sasitharan Nagapan
Phone number: 013-4033300 (Dr Sasi) /
01158854519 (Prof Ismail)

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Lecture Plan

Refer to AUTHOR

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

http://www.bsria.co.uk/services/design/bim/

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL &
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING
Building Function:
• Shelter from Rain,
Wind , Snow, Sun and
other Harsh
conditions of nature.
• Security: Safety
• Comfort: Warmth
and light

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL &
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING
Modern Building System:
Built to create better, more consistent, more productive environments in which to
work and to live.

Building System Features:

• lighting
• comfortable space temperature
• humidity
• air quality
• convenient power and
communication capability
• high quality sanitation
• reliable systems for the
protection of life and property.

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL &
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING

http://limthianleong.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/20090705-panoramic-kl-18841b.jpg

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 Kuala Lumpur in1900

http://i654.photobucket.com/albums/uu270/taurus64/KLStreetSceneEarly60s-1.jpg

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL &
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING
i. Block-type Buildings Without Windows (such as department
stores)
> totally dependent on electrical lighting (light source),
ventilation, and space conditioning.

ii. High Rise Building

> High rise building rely on high-speed vertical transportation and
high pressure water for drinking and cleaning purposes and for
protection against fire.

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 WORLD'S TALLEST BUILDINGS RANKED
Building and Height Chief
Location Year Stories meters / feet Architect

Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai, or Dubai Tower), Skidmore,

Dubai, UAE 2010 162 828 2,717 Owings &
Merrill

Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel,

Dar Al-
Mecca, Saudi Arabia 2012 120 601 1,971
Handasah

Busan Lotte World II Skidmore,

Busan S. Korea 2015? 110 510.55 1,674 Owings and
(proposed) Merrill
Taipei 101 Tower C.Y. Lee &
Taipei, Taiwan 2004 101 509 1,670 Partner
Kohn Pedersen
Shanghai World Financial Center, China 2008 101 492 1,614 Fox

International Commerce Centre (ICC), Hong 1,587. Kohn Pedersen

2010 118 484
Kong, China 9 Fox

Petronas Towers 1 & 2, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1998 88 452 1,483 Cesar Pelli
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 THE SCOPE OF BUILDING M&E
• Consists of various complex systems
• Varies according to; living standards of the society, climatic conditions,
occupancy & quality of the building, etc

• Example;
 House in a mild climate does not need heating or cooling,
 Bulk storage does not need heating in winter, hospital need a supply of medical gas,
 Office building need simple cooling device VS high-rise building needs central
cooling systems.

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http://www.continentalfireplaces.com/images_fireplace_stove_insert/gas http://www.werehatingit.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/home-air-conditioning.jpg
_fireplace_images/CDV36_gas_fireplace.jpg

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 http://incrediblehome.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/radiant-heating.jpg

http://arcsolar.com/images/inFloorHeat/diagramRadiant2.JPG

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http://www.olssonassociates.com/our-services/mechanical-electrical/index.htm

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 http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/Measured%20Drawings/malaysun.jpg

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BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATION
Building Operation
Mechanical Systems Electrical Systems
Systems

• HVAC; (Heating, • Electrical power; • Transportation;

Ventilating and Air (Normal, standby, (Elevators, escalators,
Conditioning) emergency power walkways)
• Site utilities; (Water supply and distribution) • Processing;
supply, storm water • Lighting; (Interior, (Production, food
drainage, sanitary exterior, emergency service)
disposal, gas supply) lighting) • Automation;
• Plumbing; (Water • Auxiliary or support (Environmental
distribution, water system; (Telephone, controls,
treatment, sanitary signal, data, audio managements,)
facilities) video, fire alarm, • Special systems
• Fire protection; (Water security systems)
supply, stand pipe, fire
and smoke detection,
automatic sprinklers,
annunciation)
• Special systems

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 Proper
Ventilation

Building
Safety Transportati
on

Comfortable
Living
Sanitary Lighting
System System

Acoustic Water
System Supply
 Comfortable Living

Standard of Comfortable Living:

British Standard, ASHRAE Standard,
Malaysian Standard

Laws and Enforcement:

Uniform Building By Law (1984),
Local Authorities Guidelines,
Technical Department Guidelines.
Developing A Building
CONSULTANTS:
ARCHITECT
CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGR.
MECH. & ELEC. ENGR.
QUANTITY SURVEYOR
LAND SURVEYOR
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
 RELATED TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS:

LOCAL AUTHORITY
PEJABAT TANAH DAN DAERAH (District & LandOffice)
JABATAN KERJA RAYA (Public Works Department)
JABATAN KESIHATAN (Health Department)
JABATAN BOMBA DAN PENYELAMAT MALAYSIA (The Malaysian Fire and Rescue
Department )
SYARIKAT AIR JOHOR (Integrated water supply company)
JABATAN PERKHIDMATAN PEMBENTUNGAN (Sewerage Department)
INDAH WATER CONSORTIUM
TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (Electrical Supply Company)
JABATAN PARIT DAN SALIRAN (Department of Irrigation and Drainage)
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR (Department of Environment)
IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS

Space Planning

Priority During Design/Construction

Contribution to impact level

Architectural Design

Construction Cost

High Rise Building

Design

Global Environments

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 IMPACT ON SPACE PLANNING

Floor Area Required for M&E System:

• Occupancy
• Climatic Condition
• Living Standards
• Quality
• General Architectural Design

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 IMPACT ON SPACE PLANNING
 The M&E affects; the gross floor area,
footprint (size & shape of ground floor),
floor to floor height, geometry,
architectural expression
 Allocations are made during the space
programming phase to allow
appropriate size and strategic location
 Example;
 Large office buildings: Central
cooling/heating equipment needs
extra floor to floor height (22ft~),
 Commercial Building: Complex
ductwork, HVAC and plumbing
needs ceiling cavity (2~3 ft)

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http://suspendedceilingtile.org/images/suspended%20ceiling.jpg

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 Raised floor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tile-lifter-in-use-raised-floor.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beneath-the-raised-floor-0a.jpg

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Impact on Space Planning

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms follow the space
required for specialty buildings such as laboratories, computer centers
and residences.

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 Impact on Architectural Design

 Early building design; one room, one window for ventilation and
lighting
 Modern buildings develops according to the modernization of
building M&E systems (common building geometry figures)
 Building Height vs Space utilization; 7 storey (75ft ~) buildings are
considered high-rise (determined by the reach of firefighters ladder),
limit the ability for human to walk up and down stairs >
transportation is needed
 Height increases = Less usable space on the floor – more floor for
stairs, elevators, structural elements, M/E shafts, etc

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Impact on Architectural Design
Basic Building Shapes

a) b) c) d) e) f)

a) Linear Rectangular
b) L-Shaped
c) U-Shaped
d) Interior Courtyard
e) H-Shaped
f) Composite Form

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Impact on Construction Cost

Building Height on Construction Cost

 Taller buildings needs more time, hoisting equipment and

complicated scheduling to raise M/E materials to upper floors
 Buildings more than 10 stories increases 5-15% of cost for the
next 5 stories per floor area, 15~ stories increases 10~15%

M&E Systems Vs. Construction Cost

 Depends on; the type of building, standard of living,

architectural design, the systems selected

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Impact on Construction Cost
Impact on Operating Cost Table 1-2: Range of M&E systems
 Includes; energy consumption, costs of buildings

routine maintenance, repairs,

replacements and utilities
 Building Structural components
(except roof) are usually long lasting
 M&E vs initial capital investment

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms

follow the space required for specialty buildings
such as laboratories, computer centers and
residences.

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Impact on High Rise Building Design

Concentrates major
equipment and on
Centralized one or two floors
with smaller on-floor
Space for M&E spaces
M&E
Equipment
Require bigger on-
Decentralized
floor M&E spaces

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Impact on Global Environment

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MALAYSIAN GREEN BUILDING CONFIDERATION (MGBC)
BANGUNAN SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION’S BUILDING)
GBI RATING PLATINUM
CERTIFICATE NO. GBI-NRNC-0002
CERTIFICATION DATE 21 May 2011
BUILDING CATEGORY Non-Residential New
Construction (NRNC)

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End Of Chapter 1

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